初一上知识点复习（三）名词的单复数，可数与不可数名词，名词的所有格，冠词知识点1. 名词的单复数名词：表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念的词。

可数名词与不可数名词.单数可数名词前面可加a,an来修饰：a bag一个包可数名词：可以计数的名词名词复数可数名词不可数名词：不可计数的名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea.A.可数名词1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，指单个的可数物体。

要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。

（an多用于以a ,e, i, o,开头的单词）eg：a book/ tree an apple/ egg2.复数名词：指两个或以上的可数物体。

名词复数的规则变化。

①在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。

books，cups，beds，boys，horses②. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes碟子，watches③以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives小刀wife wives④以辅音字母加o结尾的词，词尾加-es。

tomatoes，potatoes注意：A.如果是元音字母加o结尾的名词只加s：zoos，radios，vediosB.有特殊的以辅音字母加o结尾的也加s : photo---photos; piano---pianos 钢琴⑤以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。

cities，families，babies3 名词复数的不规则变化。

man—men，tooth—teeth牙齿，child—children，sheep—sheep绵羊，deer---deer小鹿foot----feet脚Chinese – Chinese Japanese – Japanese4 有些名词只有复数形式clothes，trousers裤子，glasses，socks , shorts , pants , shoes 通常是以复数的形式出现。

*另外，当我要表达一双袜子，一条裤子等时，要说成 a pair of socks a pair of shorts5.一些代词和其他词复数的不规则变化。

① I --- we ② you – you ③ he, she, it -- they ④me---us ⑤him/her/it---them ⑥ this --- these⑦ that – those ⑧ my – our ⑨ her, his, its – their ⑩ am/ is – are a/ an – some6. 句子单数变复数，注意以下六要素：⑴主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I→we，you→you，she，he，it→ they。

如：She is a girl. →They are girls.⑵am，is要变为are。

如：I’m a student. →We are students.⑶不定冠词a，an要去掉。

如：He is a boy. →They are boys.⑷普通单数名词要变为复数形式。

如：It is an apple. →They are apples.⑸指示代词this，that要变为these，those。

如：This ia a bo x. →These are boxes.⑹man，woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时，要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。

但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时，不作变化。

She is a woman doctor. →Th ee y are women doctors.That is a pencil case. →Those are pencil cases.B.不可数名词1. 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water一杯水（不能说a water）a cup of tea.一杯茶 a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包 A bottle of milk一瓶牛奶2.不可数名词跟量词搭配时，变复数只变量词：two glasses of water many cups of tea twenty pieces of paper 注：可数名词也可以和量词搭配,of后的可数名词要用复数形式：a box of apples一箱苹果a pair of shoes一双鞋当量词的数量超过一时，也变复数：Six boxes of apples8 pairs of shoes专项练习一一.用所给单词的适当形式填空：1.It’s not ____ alarm clock. (a)2. Let ____ play tennis. (I)3. Where ___ Tom’s parents?(b e)4. Many ________.(sheep)5. I see your _________. They are fine.(grandparent)6. Your ____ are my pen _____.(朋友)7. His _________ are very cute.(女儿)8. The two _____ are good. (家庭)9. _____ answers are right.(they) 10. Her sister and h is brother aren’t my _______ (表兄妹)11. I have two_____ (knife) 12. There are many _____ here. (box) 13. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)四．单数句变复数句，复数句变单数句1．It is a bus._______________________________________2．This is my sister._________________________________3．He is his friend .__________________________________4．That is her dictionary.______________________________5．Those are boxes._______________________________6．They are teachers.________________________________7．These are desks .________________________________8．We are boys. _____________________________9.I have a tooth, foot and hand.____________________________________知识点2. 冠词与名词的搭配冠词是放在名词前的一个虚词，本身无独立意义。

冠词分为不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）。

1.巧学a和an：a和an均为不定冠词，用于单数可数名词前，表示数量为“一(个、块、只)……”(1) a用于辅音音标(而不是辅音字母)开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音标(而不是元音字母)开头的单数可数名词前。

a pen; an orange; an umbrella一把伞; an English teacheran hour一个小时; a useful pen一只有用的钢笔(2)如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。

1. This is＿bag．A．my B．my a C．a my2. This isn’t＿Japanese map．That is＿English map．A．a；a B．an；an C．a；an在某些固定词组中，需要不定冠词，如：a lot of，a bit，take a walk，have a rest等。

2.定冠词the的用法：与指示代词this，that相同，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

(1) 特指双方都明白的人或物look at the blackboard看黑板(2)上文提到过的人或事，第一次出现用a/an,第二次出现用the: 如：There is a pen on the floor. The pen is red.(3) 用在序数词的前面。

如：May is the fifth month of a year.五月是一年的第五个月。

(4) 用在一些习惯用语中。

如：in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上(5)用在乐器之前。

如：play the piano 弹钢琴3. 不用冠词的场合(1)名词前有this，that，my，some，no，each，every等作修饰词时。

如：His table is useful.他的桌子很有用。

(2)表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前。

如：I watch TV on Sundays.我在周日看电视。

(3)在三餐名词前。

如：My father play baseball after supper.我爸爸晚饭后读报纸。

(4)在球类运动前。

如：Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗？(5)惯用语。

如：at night，in bed，at school，go to school去上学go to bed 去睡觉等。

专项练习二1. There is _______ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. What color is _____ orange?--- It’s ____ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the3. Do you know ___ old lady in blue? Yes. She’s a teacher of ____ university in Beijing.A. an, anB. the, aC. the, anD. an, a4. Last week Lily’s father bought her ___ Mp4 player as ___ birthday present. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an5. The girl often plays _____ piano for ____ old. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. /, /6. There is___ “u” and ___ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an7. This is____ Japanese book. It’s not ____English book. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a8. I have ___ very interesting book. It is about___ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a9．Is that your ______ ?A．a picture B．picture C．pictures D．nice pictures10．Are ___ Kate’s ___?A．this, book B．that，book C．these，books D．those，book11 – What can I do for you, sir? -- I’d like two ______.A. bottle of orangeB. bottle of oranges c.bottles of oranges D.bottles of orange12.Many ______ are talking under the tree. And their _____ are swimming in the lake.A. woman, childrenB. woman, childC. women, childrenD. women, child13. The little baby has two ______ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths二．完型填空1 name is Chen Gang. I’m2 Chinese boy. I3 twelve. I4 English. I’m in5 . I’m in Class Seven, Grade One. My6 name is Miss Gao. She is a good teacher.7 school I have a friend.8 name is Ma Qiang.This is a photo of my 9 .That man is my father. 10 is thirty-nine. The woman is my mother , she isthirty-seven. The girl is my sister .She is ten. That boy is me.( )1.A. I B. My C. Me D. His ( )2.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )3.A. is B. am C. are D. / ( )4.A. like B. likes C. look like D. look for( )5.A. No. 1 middle school B. No.1 Middle school C. No.1 middle School D.No.1Middle School( )6.A. teachers B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teacher( )7.A. at B. in C. At D. In ( )8.A. He B. His C. Her D. she( )9.A. home B. school C. family D. bedroom ( )10.A. he B. He C. It’s D. It三、下列句子均有一处错误，请在错处下划横线，并把正确答案写在题后的横线上（保持句子意思不变）。