What is the Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation, also called the Protestant Revolt or simply The Reformation, was the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a branch of contemporary Christianity. It began in 1517 when Martin Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses 《九 十五条论纲》, and concluded in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia《威斯 特伐利亚和约》 that ended years of European religious wars。 Heroes of the Reformation: Martin Luther 马丁· 路德in Germany, John Calvin 约翰· 加尔文 in Switzerland,
What is Renaissance?
• Renaissance: A French word, Rebirth or Revival
Rebirth or Revival of what?
• The Renaissance indicates a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) literature, arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.
Flourishing of Renaissance
(literature)
Economynt 圈地运动) Politics: Society: Abroad: monarchy (Centralized Monarchy 中央集权制君主政权) peaceful Commercial Expansion (enriching the Crown) & War with Spain ―无敌舰队” (the rout of ―Armada‖) the rise of English bourgeoisie
玛丽女王
16th
詹姆斯王圣经 ( or Authorized Version) 钦定版本
②beginning of Renaissance Thomas More 托马斯· 莫尔 Queen Elizabeth 伊丽莎白女王 (Oxford Reformers)
Elizabethan Age
(1558-1603)
the War of the Roses
• (1455—1485) Lancaster 兰开斯特家族 • between the House of __________ • and the House of York 约克家族 ____ struggling • for the Crown continued 30 for years. Henry VII founded the Tudor dynasty(都铎王朝) a centralized monarchy, met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie
at the University of Prague.
Church of England
英国国教
The separation of the Church of England (or Anglican Church) from Rome under Henry VIII, beginning in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement; England had already given rise to the Lollard 罗拉德派 movement of John Wycliffe, which played an important part in the Reformation. Henry VIII had once been a sincere Roman Catholic and had even authored a book strongly criticizing Luther, but he later found it expedient and profitable to break with the Papacy. His wife, Catherine of Aragon, bore him only a single child, Mary. Henry feared that his lack of a male heir might jeopardize his descendants' claim to the throne. King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome
What is The Hundred Years War?
The Hundred Years„ War was a series of separate wars lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne. 瓦卢瓦王朝 金雀花王朝 The two primary contenders were the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet（1154-1458）. Plantagenet Kings were the 12th century rulers of the Kingdom of England, and had their roots in the French regions of Anjou and Normandy. The conflict lasted 116 years but was punctuated by several periods of peace, before it finally ended in the expulsion of the Plantagenets from France . The "war" was in fact a series of conflicts and is commonly divided into three or four phases: the Edwardian War (1337–1360), the Caroline War (1369– 1389), the Lancastrian War (1415–1429), and the slow decline of English fortunes after the appearance of Joan of Arc (1412–1431). The term "Hundred Years' War" was a later term invented by historians to describe the series of events.
Catherine of Aragon 阿拉贡的凯瑟琳
Anne Boleyn 安妮· 博林
Jane Seymour 简· 西摩
Anne of Cleves 克里维斯的安妮
Catherine Howard 凯瑟琳· 霍华德
Catherine Parr 凯瑟琳· 帕尔
Queen Mary
Part Two
The English Renaissance
Historical Background
Full of changes
Literary Sketch
①secular literature: ballad miracle play
15th
Transitional period Death of Chaucer Pre-Elizabethan (1340-1400) Age
Bloody Mary
Queen Elizabeth
Branches of Christianity
Oxthodox Church/ Eastern Orthodox 东正教 （11世纪分裂） Roman Catholic Church 天主教 Catholic Church （16世纪分裂） Protestantism 新教 Lutheranism 路德宗 Calvinism 加尔文宗 Anglicanism英国国教 or Church of England Puritanism 清教
百年大战
Hundred Years‘ War
(1337-1453) War of the Roses
玫瑰战争
morality play ②printing
William Caxton
卡克斯顿
(1455-1485) Henry Ⅶ
亨利七世
(Tudor dynasty) 都铎王朝 (Centralized Monarchy)
and Ulrich Zwingli乌尔里希· 茨温利in Switzerland are considered Magisterial Reformers.
Martin Luther‗s spiritual predecessors included John Wycliffe
约翰· 威克里夫at Oxford University and Jan Hus 扬· 胡斯
中央集权制的君主政权
the first English printer, publisher & a translator himself