管理会计（F2）选择题题库---2016一、单项选择题1.T he sales manager has prepared a manpowerplan to ensure that sales quotas for theforthcoming year are achieved. This is anexample of what type of planning? （B）A Strategic planningB TacticalplanningC Operational planningD Corporate planning2．Which of the following statements is correct?（B ）A Management accounting systems provide information for use in fulfilling legal requirementsB Management accounting systems provideinformation for the use of decision-makers within an organisationC Management accounting systems provide information for use by shareholdersD Management accounting systems provideinformation for use by tax authorities3．Which of the following would be data rather than information?（B）A Sales increase/decrease per product in last quarterB Total sales value per productC Sales made per salesman as a percentage of total salesD Sales staff commission as a percentage of total sales4．Which of the following would be classed as indirect labour? （ B ）A Assembly workers in a company manufacturing televisionsB A stores assistant in a factory storeC Plasterers in a construction companyD A consultant in a firm of management consultants5．A company makes chairs and tables. Which of the following items would be treated as an indirectcost?（D ）A Wood used to make a chairB Metal used for the legs of a chairC Fabric to cover the seat of a chairD The salary of the sales director of the company 6．Which of the following best describes a controllable cost? （C ）A A cost which arises from a decision already taken,which cannot, in the short run, be changed.B A cost for which the behaviour pattern can beeasily analysed to facilitate valid budgetarycontrol comparisons.C A cost which can be influenced by its budget holder.D A specific cost of an activity or business whichwould be avoided if the activity or business didnot exist.7．Which of the following best describes a period cost? （A ）A cost that relates to a time period which is deducted as expenses for the period and is not included in the inventory valuation.B A cost that can be easily allocated to aparticular period, without the need for arbitrary apportionment between periods.C A cost that is identified with a unit producedduring the period, and is included in the value of inventory. The cost is treated as an expense forthe period when the inventory is actually sold.D A cost that is incurred regularly every period, eg every month or quarter.8．Fixed costs are conventionally deemed to be which of the following? （D ）A Constant per unit of outputB Outside the control of managementC Easily controlledD Constant in total when production volume changes9．．Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A linear variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （B ）A Graph 1B Graph 2C Graph 4D Graph 5Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A fixed cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （A ）A Graph 1B Graph 2C Graph 3D Graph 6Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A linear variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost per unit. （A ）A Graph 1B Graph 2C Graph 3D Graph 6Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A semi-variable cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （C ）A Graph 1B Graph 2C Graph 4D Graph 5Which one of the above graphs illustrates the costs described A step fixed cost – when the vertical axis represents cost incurred. （A ）A Graph 3B Graph 4C Graph 5D Graph 610．A production worker is paid a salary of $650 per month, plus an extra 5 cents for each unitproduced during the month. How is this type oflabour cost best described? （D ）A A variable costB A fixed costC A step costD A semi-variable cost11．A total cost is described as staying the same overa certain activity range and then increasing butremaining stable over a revised activity range inthe short term.What type of cost is this? （D ）A A fixed costB A variable costC Asemi-variable cost D A stepped fixed cost 12．What is the economic batch quantity used to establish? Optimal （C ）A reorder quantityB recorder levelC order quantityD inventory level for production13．A company determines its order quantity for a raw material by using the Economic Order Quantity(EOQ) model. What would be the effects on theEOQ and the total annual holding cost of adecrease in the cost of ordering a batch of raw material? （D ）EOQ Total annual holding costA Higher LowerB Higher HigherC Lower HigherD Lower Lower14．Over-absorbed overheads occur when （A ）A Absorbed overheads exceed actual overheadsB Absorbed overheads exceed budgeted overheadsC Actual overheads exceed absorbed overheadsD Actual overheads exceed budgeted overheads15．Budgeted overheads $690,480 Budgeted machine hours 15,344Actual machine hours 14,128 Actual overheads $679,550Based on the data above, what is the machine hour absorption rate (to the nearest $)?（B ）A 44 per machine hourB 45 per machine hourC 48 per machine hourD 49 per machine hour16. Absorption costing is concerned with which of the following? （D ）A Direct materialsB Direct labourC Fixed costsD Variable and fixed costs17. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.(1) Life cycle costing can be applied to products with a short life cycle.(2) Product life cycle costing is not well-suited for use within budgetary control systems.Which of the above statements is/are true?（ D ）A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 218 . The following statements have been made about target costing.(1) Target costing makes the business look at whatcompetitors are offering at an early stage in thenew product development process.(2) Cost control is emphasised at the new product design stage so any engineering changes must happen before production starts.Which of the above statements is/are true?（ D ）A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 219. The following statements have been made about target costing.(1) Target costing is inappropriate for a new product that has no existing market.(2) It may be acceptable for a target cost for a newproduct to be exceeded during the growth stage of its life cycle.Which of the above statements is/are true?（B ）A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 220. The following statements have been made aboutthroughput accounting.(1) When throughput accounting (TA) is used, the aim should be to have sufficient inventories to overcome bottlenecks in production.(2) Throughput accounting is based on the assumption that in the short run, most factory costs, other than materials, are fixed.Which of the above statements is/are true?（B ）A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 221. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.;’’(1) Implementation of ABC is unlikely to becost-effective when variable production costsare a low proportion of total production costs.(2) In a system of ABC, for costs that vary with production levels, the most suitable cost driver is likely to be direct labour hours or machine hours.Which of the above statements is/are true?( B )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 222. In the theory of constraints and throughputaccounting, which of the following methods may be used to elevate the performance of abinding constraint? ( C )(1) Acquire more of the resource that is the binding constraint.(2) Improve the efficiency of usage of the resource that is the binding constraint.A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC 1 and 2D Neither 1 nor 223. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.(1) Life cycle costing is more useful for planning than for control purposes.(2) Most of the life cycle costs for a product aredetermined by decisions taken in the early stage of a product’s life cycle.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D ) A 1 only B 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 224. The following statements have been made aboutactivity based costing.(1) Activity based costs are not the same asrelevant costs for the purpose of short-rundecision-making.(2) Activity based costing is a form of absorption costing.Which of the above statements is/are true?( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 225. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.(1) In a system of ABC, apportionment of someoverhead costs may need to be done on anarbitrary basis.(2) The costs of introducing and maintaining anactivity based costing system may exceed thebenefits of such a costing system.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 226. The following statements have been made abouttarget costing.(1) Target costing ensures that new productdevelopment costs are recovered in the targetprice for the product.(2) A cost gap is the difference between the target price and the target cost.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( C )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 227. In which of the following ways might financialreturns be improved over the life cycle of aproduct? ( C )( 1) Maximising the breakeven time.(2) Minimising the time to market.(3) Minimising the length of the life cycle.A 1 and 2 onlyB 1 and 3 onlyC 2 onlyD 2 and 3 only28. The following statements have been made about target costing.(1) Target costing is not well-suited for services that have a large fixed cost base.(2) Costs may be reduced in target costing byremoving product features that do not addvalue.Which of the above statements is/are true?( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 229. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.(1) Activity based costs are not the same asrelevant costs for the purpose of short-rundecision-making(2) Activity based costing is a form of absorption costingWhich of the above statements is/are true? ( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 230. The following statements have been made about target costing.(1) A target cost gap is the difference between thetarget cost for a product and its projected cost.(2) Products should not be manufactured if there isa target cost gap.Which of the above statements is/are true?(A )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 231. The following statements have been made about throughput accounting.(1) Inventory has no value and should be valued at $0.(2) Efficiency is maximised by utilising direct labour time and machine time to full capacity.Which of the above statements is/are true?(C )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 232. The following statements have been made about activity based costing.(1) In the short run, all the overhead costs for an activity vary with the amount of the cost driver for the activity.(2) A cost driver is an activity based cost.Which of the above statements is/are true?(C )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 233. The following statements have been made about target costing.(1) The value of target costing depends on having reliable estimates of sales demand.(2) Target costing may be applied to services thatare provided free of charge to customers, such as costs of call centre handling.Which of the above statements is/are true?(A )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 234. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.(1) An important use of life cycle costing is todecide whether to go ahead with thedevelopment of a new product.(2) Life cycle costing encourages management tofind a suitable balance between investmentcosts and operating expenses.Which of the above statements is/are true? (D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 235. The following statements have been made abouttraditional absorption costing and activity based costing.(1) Traditional absorption costing may be used toset prices for products, but activity basedcosting may not.(2) Traditional absorption costing tends to allocatetoo many overhead costs to low-volumeproducts and not enough overheads tohigh-volume products.Which of the above statements is/are true? (C )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 236. For which one of the following reasons would thechoice of penetration pricing be unsuitable for a product during the initial stage of its life cycle?(B )A To discourage new entrants to the marketB To increase the length of the initial stage of the life cycleC To achieve economies of scaleD To set a price for a product that has a high price elasticity of demand37. The following statements have been made aboutthe use of ex pected values for decision-making under conditions of uncertainty.(1) Expected values are used to support a risk-averse attitude todecision-making.(2) Expected values are more valuable as a guide to decision-making wherethey refer to outcomes which will occur many times over.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 238. Which of the following statements about relevant costing is/are correct?( C )(1) An opportunity cost is defined as the relevant cost of taking a business opportunity.(2) Business decisions should be taken on the basis of whether they improveprofit or reduce costs.A 1 only is correctB 2 only is correctC Neither 1 nor 2 is correctD Both 1 and 2 are correct39. In which one of the following circumstances would the choice of a market skimming pricing policy be unsuitable for a product during the initial stage of its life cycle? ( C )A The product is protected by a patentB Expected demand and the price sensitivity of customers for the new product are unknownC When the product is expected to have a long life cycleD To maximise short-term profitability40. The following statements have been made about relevant costing.(1) Sunk costs can never be a relevant cost for the purpose of decision-making.(2) If a company charges the minimum price for a product or service, based onrelevant costs, it will not improve its overall profitability.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 241. The following statements have been made about full cost plus pricing.(1) Charging prices at full cost plus a fixed margin for profit will ensure that thebusiness will make a profit in each period.(2) Full cost plus pricing can lead to under- and over-pricing of productsWhich of the above statements is/are true? ( B )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 242. A company wishes to decide on a selling price for a new product, and wantsto choose the price that will provide the most satisfactory weekly totalcontribution. Weekly sales of each product will depend on the price charge and also on customers’ response to the new product. The following pay-off table has been prepared( C )A P1B P2C P3D P443. The constraints in a linear programming problem are as follows:3x + 4.8y 120,000 (Grade A labour hours)5x + 4y 160,000 (Grade B labour hours)x 30,000 (Sales demand product X)y 20,000 (Sales demand Product Y)x, y ≥ 0The objective function is to maximise total contribution: 20x + 30y. A graph of the constraints is as followsWhere is the optimal solution to the linear programming problem? （C）A Point AB Point BC Point CD Point D44. A decision tree is a way of representing decision choices in the form of adiagram. It is usual for decision trees to include probabilities of differentoutcomes.The following statements have been made about decision trees.(1) Each possible outcome from a decision is given an expected value.(2) Each possible outcome is shown as a branch on a decision tree.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 245.The following statements have been made about cost plus pricing.(1) A price in excess of full cost per unit will ensure that a company will cover allits costs and make a profit.(2) Cost plus pricing is an appropriate pricing strategy when jobs are carriedout to customer specifications.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( B )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 246. The following statements have been made about solving linear programmingproblems for budgeting purposes.(1) Slack occurs when less than the maximum available of a limited resource is required.(2) When the linear programming problem includes a constraint for minimumsales demand for a product, there may be a surplus for sales demand in the optimal solution.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( D )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 247. The following statements have been made about decision-making underconditions of uncertainty.(1) Expected value is a more reliable basis for decision-making where thesituation and outcome will occur many times than for a one-off decision.(2) A risk-averse decision maker avoids all risks in decision-making.Which of the above statements is/are true? ( A )A 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Neither 1 nor 2D Both 1 and 248. Which method of pricing is most easily applied when two or more markets forthe product or service can be kept entirely separate from each other?( A )A Price discriminationB Product line pricingC SkimmingD Volume discounting50. Which of the following statements about decision trees is/are correct?( B )(1) A decision tree can be used to identify the preferred decision choice usingthe minimax regret decision rule.(2) A decision tree is likely to present a simplified representation of reality.A 1 only is correctB 2 only is correctC Neither 1 nor 2 is correctD Both 1 and 2 are correct51. A company makes and sells four products. Direct labour hours are a scarce resource, but the company is able to sub-contract production of any products to external suppliers. The following information is relevant（A ）A W, Y, X then ZB W, Z, X then YC X, Z, W then YD Z, X, Y then W52. A benefit sacrificed by taking one course of action instead of the mostprofitable alternative course of action is known as: （A ）A An incremental costB An opportunity costC A relevant costD A sunk cost53. The following decision tree shows four decision options: 1, 2, 3 and 4Using the expected value rule, which choice should be made so as to optimise the expected benefit? （D ）A Choice 1B Choice 2C Choice 3D Choice 454. Good information should have certain qualities. Which of the following are qualities of good information? 1 Complete 2 Extensive 3 Relevant 4 Accurate （B ）A 1, 2 and 3B 1, 3 and 4C 2 and 4D All of them55．Over which of the following is the manager of a profit centre likely to have control? （D ）(i) Selling (ii) Controllable costs(iii) Apportioned head office costs (iv) Capital investment in the centreA All of the aboveB (i), (ii) and (iii)C (i), (ii) and (iv)D (i) and (ii)56. Which of the following statements is/are true about group bonus schemes? （C ）(i) Group bonus schemes are appropriate when increased output depends on anumber of people all making extra effort(ii) With a group bonus scheme, it is easier to award each individual's performance(iii) Non-production employees can be rewarded as part of a group incentive schemeA (i) onlyB (i) and (ii) onlyC (i) and (iii) onlyD (ii) and (iii) only57．Factory overheads can be absorbed by which of the following methods? （A ）(i) Direct labour hours (ii) Machine hours(iii) As a percentage of prime cost (iv) $x per unitA (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)B (i) and (ii) onlyC (i), (ii) and (iii) onlyD (ii), (iii) and (iv) only58. Which of the following would be the most appropriate basis for apportioningmachinery insurance costs to cost centres within a factory? （C ）A The number of machines in each cost centreB The floor area occupied by the machinery in each cost centreC The value of the machinery in each cost centreD The operating hours of the machinery in each cost centre59. Consider the following statements, regarding the reapportionment of servicecost centre overheads to production cost centres, where reciprocal services exist:(1). The direct method results in costs being reapportioned between service cost centres(2). If the direct method is used, the order in which the service cost centre overheads arereapportioned is irrelevant(3). The step down method results in costs being reapportioned between service cost centres(4). If the step down method is used, the order in which the service cost centre overheads arereapportioned is irrelevantWhich statement(s) is/are correct? ( D )A (1), (2) and (4)B (1), (3) and (4)C (2) onlyD (2) and (3)60. Which of the following are acceptable bases for absorbing production overheads? ( C )(i) Direct labour hours (ii) Machine hours(iii) As a percentage of the prime cost (iv) Per unitA Methods (i) and (ii) onlyB Methods (iii) and (iv) onlyC Methods (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)D Methods (i), (ii) or (iii) only61. When comparing the profits reported under absorption costing and marginalcosting during a period when the level of inventory increased, which of the following is true? （ B ）A Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuationslower than those under marginal costing.B Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuationshigher than those under marginal costing.C Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lowerthan those under absorption costing.D Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higherthan those under absorption costing.62．When comparing the profits reported under absorption costing and marginal costing during a period when the level of inventory increased, which of the following is true?（ B ）A Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower thanthose under marginal costing.B Absorption costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher thanthose under marginal costing.C Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations lower than those underabsorption costing.D Marginal costing profits will be higher and closing inventory valuations higher than those underabsorption costing.。