•
基本规律 - 关系代词在从句中充当宾语。 介词 +关系代词 - 关系代词不可省略。 非限定性定语从句 - 关系代词不可省略。
关系代词填空（能省略的省略不填）
Do you know the student ___ I often talk with? He gave money to the porter ___ carried his bag. Can you suggest a time in ___ it will be convenient to meet? John, ______ you met last night, was arrested by the police.
事项8）介词提前 Prep. + whom/ which
• • • The family that I stayed with in Rome is coming to England soon. 改写? The baby after whom my mother is looking is my nephew. 对？错？ Your carelessness with which we have put up is beginning to annoy the teacher. 对？错
事项4） 修饰先行词 the way 的三种 方法
the way ＋ in which / that / x ＋ 定语从句 • Can you show me the way in which you make paper flowers? • Can you show me the way that you make paper flowers? • Can you show me the way ( x ) you make paper flowers?
• • • •
关系代词
Whose + 名词 = the +名词＋of which/whom = of which/ whom + the +名词
• The students, whose classroom is next to us, are learning English. 改写？
关系代词的省略
He believed what they said.
The news that his son had been killed in the war was a great shock to her.
主语从句
• that 引导的主语从句 That man have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
名词性从句
名词性从句
1 什么是名词性从句？
从句在复合句中起名词性作用，称为名词性从句。
2 名词性从句的分类： 主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句。 That they should have different views is natural. The problem is that we are still short of money.
事项3） 不能用关系代词 that
• 1) 在非限制性定语从句中，(逗号后面)不能用关 系代词 that。 （who, whom指人，which指物） The book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer. • 2) 介词＋关系代词提前，不能用关系代词 that。 指物时用 which，指人时用 whom (不可用who)。 The house in which he lives is not far from here. The man to whom my mother is talking is my teacher.
事项6） as在定语从句中的用法
[区分] • This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. • This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
事项6） as在定语从句中的用法
1. such…as… 定语从句 such…that… 结果状从 They talked in such simple English as children could understand. They talked in such simple English that children could understand it. 练习： • Don’t talk about such things ___ you do not understand. • I have the same idea ___ you have. • This is so hard a problem ______ nobody can work out. • This is so hard a problem ______ nobody can work it out .
事项6） as在定语从句中的用法
• • • • • • • • as和which在非限制性定语从句中都可以指代主句整个 句子的内容，as通常放句首，句中有时也可以，which 只能放句尾。As还有一些常用的词组： As is known to all As is well known As is often the case As is reported As often happens As can be seen The boy failed in the exam, ___ made his parents disappointed. He must be from Africa, ___ can be seen from his skin. ______ is known to all, the earth is round. _____ is known to all that the earth is round. *
事项7） 强调句VS定语从句
It + is/was + 被强调部分 ＋ that ＋ 原句其余部分
It is/was…that － 固定框架 被强调部分 － 不做任何改动 其余部分 － 照抄 判断标准－ 去掉框架，排列组合后是完整的句子。 eg. I met her in the street last night. 强调部分是人的话，that可以用who/whom来代替 练习： • It was October 1,1949 _______ China was founded. • It was on October 1, 1949 ______ China was founded.
事项5） Which可指代主句的整个句子 表示主句所产生的结果，＝ ，and that
• Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. • They did rather badly in the math exam, which was not what I had expected.
事项1） 关系代词只用 that不用which
• 3) 当先行词被 only, very, just等词修饰时。 This is the very book that I've been looking for. The only furniture that he had in the room was a bed. • 4) 当先行词既指人又指物时。 We talked about the things and persons that we remembered.
定语从句
定语从句的三大特征
• • • • They are a special kind of doctors who operate on sick people . They repair the organs that no longer work properly. They want to get the same kind of clothes as these fashion models wear. Businessmen usually work in an office, where they plans business activities. I lived in the room whose window faces south. （定语从句）后置修饰，紧跟其后。 （定语从句）有关系词连接主句和从句。 定语从句缺少一个成分。
练习
• The child kept on making the same mistake, ____ filled his Dad and Mom with anger. • The bag, ____ color is red and white, is for my daughter. • Have you ever asked him the reason ____ may explain his absence? • October 1, 1949 was the day ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
事项1）关系代词只用 that
5)语法重要原则 － 避免重复，关系代词只能用 that。 Who that has common sense will do such a thing? Who is the girl that is shaking hands with our teacher? 6) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
• Those who don’t wish to go need not do so. • He who has not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. • Anyone who hasn’t paid the money before the deadline will be fined.