Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesI. Vocabulary1. Word Derivation1) widow n.→ widowed a.①她守寡十年了。
She has been a widow for ten years.②一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。
It’s really not easy for a widowed mother to rear up four children.2)nerve n.→ nervous a.→ nerveless a.①当赛车手要有胆量。
It takes nerve to be a racing driver.②她胆怯地一笑。
She gave a nervous laugh.③刀子从她那无力的手中落下。
The knife fell from her nerveless fingers.3)precise a.→precision n. → precisely adv.①那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。
It was found at the precise spot where she had left it.②你的报告不够准确。
Y our report lacks precision.③那正是我的意思。
That is precisely what I mean.4)compete v.→ competitive a.→ competition n.①几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract.②我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。
Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets.③他获诗歌比赛第一名。
He came first in the poetry competition.5)execute v.→ execution n.①他因叛国罪被处死。
He was executed for treason.②这些计划最终得以实施。
The plans were finally put into execution.6) preside v.→ president n.→ presidency n.①首相主持内阁会议。
The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet.②他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。
He was made president of the cricket club.③他获选连任总统。
He was elected to a second presidency.7)marry v.→ marital a.→ marriage n.①哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼?Which priest is going to marry them?②拉丽莎40几岁，徐娘半老，爱喝酒，婚姻也不如意。
A fading woman in her 40s, Larisa had both drinking and marital problems.③她的第一次婚姻维持了五年。
Her first marriage ended after five years.8) company n.→ accompany v.→ companion n.①观其友则知其人。
Y ou may know a man by the company he keeps.②我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.③狗是忠实的伙伴。
A dog is a faithful companion.2. Phrase Practice1) The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fatal disease. Thousands of people in Asia have ________ it in the past two years. died ofdie of:stop living or come to the end of one’s life because of some diseasee.g.现在有很多人死于癌症。
Nowadays many people die of cancer.2)Chinese fans often have to ________ to watch the live transmission of European footballmatches. stay upstay up: remain awake; not go to bede.g.她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视节目。
She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme.3)Sometimes I don’t understand Jeremy; he seems to have hurt the feelings of everyone who________ him including his wife. cares forcare for: like or lovee.g.他深深地爱着她。
He cares for her deeply.4)I doubt that they are able to get the problems ________ before the deadline. straightened out straighten out:deal with a problem or a confused situation and make it better, especially by organizing thingse.g.我们会把情况弄清的。
We’ll get the case straightened out.5)It was curious that the children should have ________ their grandparents easily from the oldphotographs. picked outpick out:recognize sb. or sth. in a group of people or thingse.g.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。
It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.3. Synonym / Antonym1. He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.●Synonym: ___ exactly _2.It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis —I think that was it —but everyoneamong his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly.●Synonym: __ immediately _3.He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook theirheads —and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.●Antonyms: __ slacker, idler, loafer4.He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particularmarketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering.●Synonym: _ outlived _5.In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researchinghis father, asking the neighbors what he was like. They were embarrassed.●Synonyms:__ disconcerted, abashed _6.At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widowthat the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would bemissed and would be hard to replace.●Antonym: _ living7.Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.●Antonyms: _ underweight; slim _8.Y ou could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.●Synonym: _ queueII. Grammar1) Present perfectThe present perfect simple tense an action that is still going on or that has stopped recently, but still has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.Use of present perfect●putting emphasis on the resultExample: She has written five letters.●the action that is still going onExample: School has not started yet.●the action that has stopped recentlyExample: She has cooked dinner.●the finished action that has an influence on the presentExample: I have lost my key.●the action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment ofspeakingExample: I have never been to Australia.2) Present Perfect ProgressiveThe present perfect progressive expresses an action that has recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.Use of present perfect progressive●putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)Example: She has been writing for two hours.●the action that has recently stopped or is still going onExample: I have been living here since 2001.●the finished action that has an influence on the presentExample: I have been working all afternoon.The present perfect progressive focuses on the course of the activity or event which may or may not be finished. The present perfect focuses on the result of the activity or event, or just the fact that something has been achieved.PracticePut the verbs in brackets into the correct form: present perfect or present perfect progressive.1)I’m pleased to say that the team __________ (play) well all season.2)In recent years, the company __________ (put) a lot of money into developing advancedtechnology.3)They _______ (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they ________ (not touch)the old shop at the corner yet.4)I ________ (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down, but I think I _______ (wait) toolong and the prices are beginning to go up again.5)I _______ (just pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I ______ (grow) strawberries for years but I______ (never have) such a good crop before.6)It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky ______ (get) steadily darker and thewind _______ (rise). I’m afraid the fine spell ______ (come) to an end.7)Peter ______ (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he ______ (look) for a better post butso far he _______ (not find) anything.8)Ann ______ (fail) her driving test three times because she’s so bad at reversing. But she______ (get) a bit better at it.Keys1)have been playing / have played (We can use either the present perfect progressive or thepresent perfect to talk about the activities or events that are repeated again and again untilnow.)2)has been putting / has put3)have pulled down, haven’t touched4)have been waiting, have waited5)have just picked, have grown / have been growing, have never had6)has been getting / has got, has been rising / has risen, has come (We can use either the presentperfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.)7)has been, has been looking, hasn’t found8)has failed, has been practicing, has gotIII. T ranslation1我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10个小时以上。