尤其是填空题。

首先antigen，antibody必须知道，Ag和Ab嗯记住外源性对于MHC-II类途径，也称溶酶体途径，CD8+ 就是foreign Ag→MHC2→lysosome →CD8内源性是MHC-I类途径，也称胞质溶胶途径，CD4+ 就是endogenous Ag→MHC1→cytosol→CD4淋巴细胞是lymphocyte；单核细胞是monocyte ；巨噬细胞是macrophage，树突状细胞就是DC，什么T-cell啊B-cell不说了对了，体液免疫应答/细胞免疫应答，分别是humoral和cellular的immune response中枢和外周分别是central和peripheral，能用到的地方就是什么中枢和外周的immune organ和torelance了抗独特型抗体不知道考不考，就是Anti-Id激活和抑制分别是activated和inhibitory之类抗原性和免疫原性，antigenicity和immunogenicity 就是什么什么genicity（原性……）血液循环和淋巴循环，circulation，嗯，blood和lymph的circulation免疫应答分固有（innate）和适应（adaptive）性免疫应答免疫系统三功能：immune defense/surveillance/homeostasis 就是防御、监视、自稳定似乎还有个胸腺依赖性的问题，thymus 的（in）dependent，所以是TI-Ag和TD-Ag途径一律翻译成pathway吧，什么经典途径classic pathway啊，旁路途径alternative pathway……差不多了，对了复合体是complex啊，MHC里的C就是这个意思先这些吧，打完字我也基本上记住了，拼写多练练，好歹10分英文填空，写中文不如不写……嗯，05级恒源祥学长的记忆中是有这样几道题目的：问答题:1:CD4阳性T细胞有哪些亚群,各自的功能是什么?2:简述Ⅲ超敏反应发生的机制,并列举两种疾病.3:人工主动免疫和人工被动免疫各有哪些特点?名词解释:cam胸腺细胞的阴性选择(概念和意义)APC(概念和种类)交叉提呈可溶性细胞因子受体(概念和作用)TI-AG最后他来了一句：建议大家选夏老师的课，给分相对高。

以下是老师给的英文题:Concepts:HaptenComplementarity determining region (CDR)ComplementMHCLeukocyte differentiation antigenAPCSomatic hypermutationNegative selectionAnergyRegulatory T cellAICDQuestions:1. Please describe the concepts of TD-Ag and TI-Ag respectively and compare the differences between TD-Ag and TI-Ag.2. Please describe the general properties of cytokine.3. What are the rules of antibody production in vivo? (What are the general features of antibody responses in vivo?)4. Please describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediated immune response.5. Please describe the components and pathogenic mechanism involved in typeⅠhypersensitivity.6. What’s the difference between Artificial Active Immunization and Artificial Passive Immunization? Please give 2-3 examples for each.HaptenA hapten is a small molecule which can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one which also does not elicit an immune response by itself.Complementarity determining region (CDR)A complementarity determining region (CDR) is a short amino acid sequence found in the variable domains of antigen receptor (e.g. immunoglobulin and T cell receptor) proteins that complements an antigen and therefore provides the receptor with its specificity for that particular antigen.ComplementThe complement system is a biochemical cascade that helps clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the larger immune system that is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime; as such it belongs to the innate immune system. However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the adaptive immune system.MHCThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genomic region or gene family found in most vertebrates. It is the most gene-dense region of the mammalian genome and plays an important role in the immune system, autoimmunity, and reproductive success.Leukocyte differentiation antigenThe cell surface markers which express or disappear on the different cells in the different stages of differentitation and activation.APCAn antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. T-cells may recognize this complex using their T-cell receptor (TCR).Somatic hypermutationSomatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a mechanism inside cells that is part of the way the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements which confront it (for example, microbes).Negative selectionThe death of autoimmune lymphocytes shortly after they develop. Also known as clonal deletion.AnergyAnergy is a term in immunobiology that describes a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanisms to foreign substances, and consists of a direct induction of peripheral lymphocyte tolerance.Regulatory T cellRegulatory T cells (sometimes known as suppressor T cells) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress activation of the immune system and thereby maintain immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens.AICDactivation-induced cell death (AICD) recognition and deletion of T lymphocytes that have been induced to proliferate by receptor-mediated activation, preventing their overgrowth.。