Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar第一讲不定式的概念与基本功能Learning goals:1. To get a general understanding of v-to do.2. To learn how to use v-to do in different situations.一、不定式的概念理解1.朗读下列句子，理解句中不定式的作用。
(1) To find a good friend is difficult.(2) I plan to play football tomorrow.(3) My teacher asks us to read English aloud every morning.(4) I have much homework to do for today, I decide not to play after class.(5) I am glad to meet you.2. 不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式；句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，不定式及其宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
二、不定式的基本功能不定式的作用相当于名词、形容词和副词。
不定式不能作谓语动词，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。
可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
(一) 在句子中充当主语．1.朗读下列句子，理解句中不定式的作用。
(1) To learn English well is important.(2) To study hard is our duty.2. 你能用另外一种形式来表达吗？3. 常见的用it作形式主语的句型你知道吗？(1) 句型1: It +be+adj.+ for sb. to doIt is important for us to learn English well.◆请模仿句型自己造句．◆通常使用表示客观情况的形容词：difficult, hard, important, (im)possible, interesting, (un) necessary, good等。
◆翻译下列句子。
①多做练习对我们很有帮助。
_____________________________________________________②完成这项任务对他来说有点难度。
___________________________________________________③参加明天的演讲对你来说非常有必要。
_______________________________________________(2) 句型2：It +be+adj.+ of sb. to do通常使用表示人的品行的形容词,如: kind, good, nice, wrong, careless ,wise(unwise), foolish, polite (impolite), clever, right, stupid, etc.请用该句型造句____________________________________________________________________ ◆翻译下列句子。
①他这样说是不礼貌的。
_____________________________________________________②你帮助我真是太好了。
_____________________________________________________(3) 句型3: It + be + n.( a pleasure, a pity, an honor…) + to do…It was a pleasure to work with you in the countryside.◆翻译下列句子。
①跟你聊天是件很快乐的事。
_____________________________________________________②能听你的课是我的荣幸。
_____________________________________________________③It is a pity to give up the competition. _____________________________________________④It is my duty to help you with your study. ___________________________________________(4) 句型4：it+ takes+ (sb.) +n.+to do①It takes me two hours to finish my homework.②It took courage to tell the truth.③It cost him 100 yuan to take the coat.（二）在句子中充当宾语．1. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
(1) We agreed ___________ (meet) here，but now she hasn’t come yet．(2) Nobody noticed the thief into the house because the lights happened ________(go out ).2. 翻译下列句子。
(1) 我期望明天能看到你。
_____________________________________________________(2) 她决定努力学习。
_________________________________________________________(3) 他拒绝参加这个晚会。
_____________________________________________________(4) 他假装不认识我。
_____________________________________________________◆总结常见的接不定式的动词：agree, choose, decide, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan,pretend, refuse, afford, promise, expect , want, learn◆用形式宾语it 代替不定式的结构主语+v.+it+宾语补足语+to do （find, make, think believe, know, consider, regard, feel）I find it important to get along well with others.◆翻译下列句子。
(1) 我认为记住单词是很重要的。
____________________________________________________(2) 我发现在周一之前完成这项工作是不可能的。
_________________________________________________________________________________ (三) 在句子中充当作宾语补足语1．朗读下列句子，理解句中不定式的作用。
(1)The teacher advised us to learn through experiment.(2) Mr. John often encourages us to be confident.(3) He requires us to take notes in class.可接动词不定式做宾语的补足语常用动词有：advise, encourage, require, invite, expect, order, persuade, tell, want, wish, warn, force, forbid, allow, ask, get, intend, prefer, etc.2. 请你用上面的动词结构造句．(1) 他要求我们五点之前到达火车站。
_________________________________________________(2) 我希望你能帮助我学习英语。
____________________________________________________(3) 我爸爸建议我多参加体育锻炼。
___________________________________________________(4) 老师经常鼓励我们保持乐观,要看到事情好的一面。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 理解不定式充当宾补的特殊结构。
(1) I saw Li Lei fall off his bike．(2) I heard her sing in the next room.(3) The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.◆常用的动词包括：feel, listen to, hear, make, let , have see, watch, look at ,observe, notice,用动词的适当形式填空(1) She is often heard _______________( sing) in the next room.(2) Li Lei was seen ________________(fall down )from his bike．(3) The workers were made _______________(work ) over ten hours a day in the past.(4) The boy was made __________________(clean ) the classroom for being late for class（四）在句子中充当作定语．1. 被修饰的名词或代词与作定语的不定式之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：(1) He is not a man to give up before difficulties．(2) He was always the first to come and the last to leave the office.(3) She has a brother to help her.[ 即时练习] 用动词的适当形式填空．(1) The next train ________________(arrive) was from New York..(2) Do you know the teacher _______________(give) us a lecture tomorrow ?(3) Will you attend the singing competition _____________(hold) next month？(4) The meeting __________________(take place) here tomorrow is going to discuss the problem of pollution.2. 被修饰的名词或代词与作定语的不定式之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。