广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期《专业英语》期中试卷考试时间：120分钟考试形式：开卷适用专业：班级：学号：姓名：成绩：各题20分一、单词翻译（英译汉）titrimetric analysisreagent titrantflask oxidationprecision standard solutionsodium hydroxide Equilibriumconstantequilibrium. manifestequilibriumconcentrationfrictional flowionizationconstantcorrect formolarity compressed gasneutralization deviceplus elevationneutral positive-displacementmeter reciprocating sodium hydroxide pistonexternal centrifugal pumpin the absence of rotationalat the expense of rotational velocitycompensation streamspecific upstream stationstreamline downstream station二、单词翻译（汉译英）垂直于传热面滤饼卸料符合，一致陶器的动量，动力，要素滤液动量传递孔随机运动，无规则运动胶体微粒扩散的构造，配置.邻近的，接近的. 波动，起伏振动的，振荡的大气压(1atm＝101. 3 kPa)(远离表面的)流体(本体)温度(风车、螺旋桨等的)翼，叶片目录，目录册切线的线性相关蜗壳形式恒定导热系数螺旋形，集液环固有特性，本征特性传动轴流动类型双吸强制对流不连续的，间断的，中断的过滤，筛选间歇的，断断续续的固体微粒复杂的过滤介质依靠，由于透过膜限于堆积粗粒子三、句子翻译（英译汉）1. Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.2. Any solution for which the concentration is precisely known is called a standard solution.3. It is an introductory text, written for undergraduate students in their junior or senior years who have completed the usual courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and an introduction to chemical engineering. An elementary knowledge of material and heat balances and of thermodynamic principles is assumed.4. In a piston pump, liquid is drawn through an inlet check valve into the cylinder by the withdrawal of a piston and then is forced out through a discharge check valve on the return stroke.5. Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a fluid by passing the fluidthrough a filtering medium, or septum, on which the solids are deposited.四、句子翻译（汉译英）1. 在滴定中，与被测物质发生完全反应的试剂通常称为滴定剂，滴定分析就是定量测定出所消耗滴定剂的体积2. 该平衡式说明一摩尔氢氧化钠与一摩尔盐酸反应生成一摩尔氯化钠和一摩尔水。
3. 化学工程师必须开发、设计和工程化整个工艺和所需的设备，选择适当的原材料，高效、安全和经济性地运作工厂，并确保产品满足客户的要求。
4. 更多情况下，进料(悬浮液)需要进行预处理，以便加快过滤速度。
预处理方式包括加热、重结晶或是加入过滤助剂如纤维素或硅藻土。
5. 当两个温度不同的物体接触时，热量将从高温物体流向低温物体。
热量流动的净结果永远是向低温方向进行。
热量传递的机理有三种：热传导、热对流和热辐射。
五、短文翻译1. An economical method of organizing much of the subject matter of chemical engineering is based on two facts: ①although the number of individual processes is great, each one can be broken down into a series of steps, called operations, each of which in turns appears in process after process; ②the individual operations have common techniques and are based on the same scientific principles.2. The behavior of fluids is important to process engineering generally and constitutes one of the foundations for the study of unit operation. An understanding of fluids is essential, not only for accurately treating problems in the movement of fluids through pipes, pumps, and all kinds of process equipments but also for the study of heat flow and many separations that depend on diffusion and mass transfer.3. At given temperature and pressure, a fluid possesses a definite density, which in engineering practice is usually measured in kilograms per cubic meter. Although the density of all fluids depends on the temperature and pressure, the variation in density with changes in these variables may be small or large. If the density changes only slightly with moderate changes in temperature and pressure, the fluid is said to be incompressible; if the changes in density are significant, the fluid is said to be compressible. Liquids are generally considered to be incompressible and gases compressible. The terms are relative, however, and the density of a liquid can change appreciably if pressure and temperature are changed over wide limits. Also, gases subjected to small percentage changes in pressure and temperature act as incompressible fluids and density changes under such conditions may be neglected without serious error.4. In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones.广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期《专业英语》期中考试参考答案一、单词翻译（英译汉）titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibriumconstant平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibriumconcentration平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionizationconstant电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移meter 米，公尺，计，表，仪表reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞external 外部的(常与to搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽机in the absence of 缺乏……时，当……不在时rotational 转动的，轮流的at the expense of 归……付费，在损害……的情况下rotational velocity 旋转速度compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一股，一串，河流specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面二、单词翻译（汉译英）normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液momentumtransfer动量传递opening 孔random motion 随机运动，无规则运动colloidal particle 胶体微粒diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝101. 3 kPa)bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等of fluid，far fromsurface体(本体)温度的)翼，叶片catalog 目录，目录册tangential 切线的linear dependence 线性相关spiral casing 蜗壳形式constant thermal conductivity 恒定导热系数volute 螺旋形，[机]集液环intrinsic property 固有特性，本征特性drive shaft 传动轴flow pattern 流动类型double suction 双吸forced convection 强制对流discontinuous 不连续的，间断的，中断的filtration 过滤，筛选intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的solid particle 固体微粒complex 复杂的filtering medium 过滤介质by virtue of 依靠，由于septum 透过膜be restricted 限于deposit 堆积coarse particle 粗粒子三、句子翻译（英译汉）1. Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.酸碱指示剂，又称pH指示剂，是颜色随pH而变化的物质。