one-gene/one-enzyme hypothesis
Most genes contain the information for making one polypeptide.
The overall structure of DNA
1951 James Watson (23y) 丹麦 哥本哈根
分子生物学的发展历史
31、园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关。 32、鼓腹无所思。朝起暮归眠。 33、倾壶绝余沥，窥灶不见烟。
34、春秋满四泽，夏云多奇峰，秋月 扬明辉 ，冬岭 秀孤松 。 35、丈夫志四海，我愿不知老。
第一章 分子生物学的 发展历史
郑伟娟 2006
1.1. 分 子 生 物 学 的 概 念 What is Molecular biology ?
1.2. 分子生物学发展简史
Transmission Genetics 传递遗传学
In 1865, Gregor Mendel published
Mendelian inheritance (孟德尔遗传定律 ).
Inheritance occurred through blending of each trait of the parents in the offspring.
1844-1895 fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/index2.html
The Composition of Genes
1944, Oswald Avery
demonstrated that the chromosome is composed of DNA. Not RNA or protein !
Inheritance is particulate（微粒，微粒 的）. Each parent contributes particles, or genetic units,
to the offspring.
1822-1884
garden pea
/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.html
1962 Nobel Prize
1958，Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl proved that DNA replication in bacteria follows the semiconservative pathway.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl more recently
Define in restrictively： the study of gene structure and their activities in molecular level
遗传学 （genetics）
生物化学 （biochemistry）
分子生物学 （molecular biology）
the role played by the
Chromosome in heredity（遗
传） , demonstrated that genes
are
1866-1945
on the chromosome"
fruit fly ( Drosophia melanogaster )
/mehtml
Faculty member at Harvard
1953, double helix
剑桥大学 Cavendish Lab. Francis Crick (35y)
"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid"
(Nature, April 25, 1953. volume 171:737-738.)
Frederick Griffith 肺炎球菌转化试验
/dnaftb/concept_17/con17bio.html
1877-1955
How does genes work?
1902, Archibald Garrod, alcaptonuria（尿黑酸症） George Beadle and E.L.Tatum, Neurospora（脉孢菌属/链孢菌属）
In 1910, Thomas Hunt Morgan
provided the first definitive evidence for the
Chromosome theory of inheritance
1933 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine
"for his discoveries concerning
Rosalind Frankin
M. H. F. Wilkins
1951. King’s Lab. London University UK
X~ray photograph of DNA with high quality
(核与磷酸连接成的扭曲绳子，每一节上都有配对的碱基)
James Watson (34y) Francis Crick (46y) Maurice Wilkins (46y)
What is Molecular biology ?
The term has more than one definition. Define in broadly： understand biological phenomena in molecular terms
(difficult to distinguish from biochemistry)
Molecular Genetics
What genes are made of and how they work?
The discovery of DNA
1869, Friedrich Miescher
discovered nuclein and the major component of nuclein is DNA.