实验十七：交换机端口基本配置一、理论基础1、端口的速率华为Quidway S系列交换机支持端口速率的手工配置和自适应，缺省情况下所有端口都是自适应状态，通过相互交换自协商报文进行速率匹配。
当链路两端一端为自适应，另一端为固定速率时，我们建议修改两端的端口速率，保持端口速率的一致。
如果两端的速率不一致时，很容易出现通信故障，应当尽量避免。
可以使用speed命令对以太网端口的速率进行设置，当设置端口速率为自协商状态时，端口的速率在双方自动协商下而定。
需要注意的是：百兆以太网电端口支持10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s或自协商工作速率，可以根据需要对其设置。
缺省情况下，以太网端口的速率处于auto（自协商）状态。
2、端口模式目前新的交换机端口既支持全双工工作模式，也支持半双工工作模式。
可以手工配置，也可以自动协商来决定端口到底工作在哪种模式下。
Auto：表示端口工作在自协商模式。
Full：表示端口工作在全双工模式。
Half：表示端口工作在半双工模式。
当希望端口在发送数据包的同时可以接收数据包，可以将端口设置为全双工属性；当希望端口同一时刻只能发送数据包或接收数据包时，可以将端口设置为半双工属性；当设置端口为自协商状态时，端口的双工状态由本端口和对端端口自动协商而定。
需要注意的是：百兆以太网电端口支持全双工、半双工或自协商工作模式，可以根据需要对其设置。
缺省情况下，端口的双工状态为auto（自协商）状态。
二、实验案例基本端口的配置1、实验拓扑图：2、配置说明：交换机A加地址:192.168.10.1交换机B加地址:192.168.10.23、具体配置：方法一：（speed）交换机B的配置：[SwitchB]int vlan 1[SwitchB-Vlan-interface1]ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0交换机A的配置：[SwitchA]int vlan 1[SwitchA-Vlan-interface1]ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0[SwitchA-Vlan-interface1]quit[SwitchA]ping 192.168.10.2PING 192.168.10.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 50 msReply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 20 msReply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 20 msReply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 20 msReply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time = 30 ms--- 192.168.10.2 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/50 ms[SwitchA]dis int e0/1Ethernet0/1 current state : UPIP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500Media type is twisted pair, loopback not setPort hardware type is 100_BASE_TX100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex modeLink speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiationFlow-control is not enabledPort-flow-constrain has not been configured completelyThe Maximum Frame Length is 1518Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%PVID: 1Mdi type: normalPort link-type: accessTagged VLAN ID : noneUntagged VLAN ID : 1Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 17 bytes/secLast 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 19 bytes/secInput(total): 85 packets, 8722 bytes47 broadcasts, 32 multicastsInput(normal): 85 packets, - bytes47 broadcasts, 32 multicastsInput: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errorsOutput(total): 129 packets, 11374 bytes92 broadcasts, 32 multicasts, 0 pausesOutput(normal): 129 packets, - bytes92 broadcasts, 32 multicasts, - pausesOutput: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier默认的情况下,E0/1都是100M/10M自适应的端口,从实验结果可见,它们最终自动协商的结果是工作在最高速度。
[SwitchA]int e0/1[SwitchA-Ethernet0/1]speed 10[SwitchA-Ethernet0/1]%Apr 2 00:35:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE:Ethernet0/1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE:Vlan-interface1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:04 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan -interface1 turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:06 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE:Ethernet0/1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 00:35:06 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE:Vlan-interface1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 00:35:06 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan -interface1 turns into UP state[SwitchA]dis int e0/1Ethernet0/1 current state : UPIP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500Media type is twisted pair, loopback not setPort hardware type is 100_BASE_TX10Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex modeLink speed type is force link, link duplex type is autonegotiationFlow-control is not enabledPort-flow-constrain has not been configured completelyThe Maximum Frame Length is 1518Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%PVID: 1Mdi type: normalPort link-type: accessTagged VLAN ID : noneUntagged VLAN ID : 1Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 10 bytes/secLast 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 12 bytes/secInput(total): 129 packets, 13106 bytes75 broadcasts, 48 multicastsInput(normal): 129 packets, - bytes75 broadcasts, 48 multicastsInput: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errorsOutput(total): 200 packets, 17342 bytes148 broadcasts, 47 multicasts, 0 pausesOutput(normal): 200 packets, - bytes148 broadcasts, 47 multicasts, - pausesOutput: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions- lost carrier, - no carrier[SwitchB]dis int e0/1Ethernet0/1 current state : UPIP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e201-07c7 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500Media type is twisted pair, loopback not setPort hardware type is 100_BASE_TX10Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex modeLink speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiationFlow-control is not enabledThe Maximum Frame Length is 1518Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%PVID: 1Mdi type: normalPort link-type: accessTagged VLAN ID : noneUntagged VLAN ID : 1Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 7 bytes/secLast 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 5 bytes/secInput(total): 213 packets, 19306 bytes158 broadcasts, 50 multicastsInput(normal): - packets, - bytes- broadcasts, - multicastsInput: 0 input errors, - runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errorsOutput(total): 137 packets, 13286 bytes81 broadcasts, 50 multicasts, 0 pausesOutput(normal): - packets, - bytes- broadcasts, - multicasts, - pausesOutput: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures- aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier手动更改交换机A的E0/1速度为10Mbps,查看实验结果,依然能够ping通,同时发现交换机B的E0/1的端口速度已自动变为10Mbps.[SwitchB]int e0/1[SwitchB-Ethernet0/1]speed 100[SwitchB-Ethernet0/1]%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE:Ethernet0/1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE:Vlan-interface1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan -interface1 turns into DOWN state[SwitchB-Ethernet0/1]quit[SwitchB]ping 192.168.10.1PING 192.168.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time outRequest time outRequest time outRequest time out--- 192.168.10.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted0 packet(s) received100.00% packet loss此时,把SwitchB的端口速度强行更改为100Mbps,那么两者之间将ping不通,因为两个端口都工作在非自动协商的方式下,接口是Down的。