InVeStment decision:投资决策FinanCing decision:筹资决策CaPital budegt ing decisi on:资本预算决策Tan gible assets:有形资产Intan gible assets:无形资产Debt financing:债务资金、债务筹资EqUity financin g:权益资金、权益筹资CaPitaI structure:资本结构Corporation:公司StOCkholder/Shareholder:股东finan cial Stateme nts:财务报表Shareholders:股东Stakeholders:利益相关者PrOfit maximizati on:利润最大化Principal:委托人Agency problem:代理问题Creditor:债权人Takeover:接管Finan cial in StitUti ons:金融机构Financial system:金融系统Intermediary:中介Real assets:实物资产Stock market:股票市场Primary market: 初级市场SeCondary market:二级市场Bond market: 债券市场CaPitaI market:资本市场Money market: 货币市场Options:期权Derivatives:衍生金融工具Risk-averse:风险厌恶型Risk-tolerant:风险容忍型Cost of capital:资本成本SUPeriOr rate of return: 超额收益率EXPeCted rate of return: 期望收益率OPPOrtUnity cost:机会成本Corporate bond:公司债FUtUre value:终值、未来价值CompoUndinterest:复禾USimPIe interest:单禾UPreSe nt value:现值DiscoUnted CaSh flow: 折现现金流DiSCOUnted rate:折现率、贴现率DiSCOUnted factor:折现系数MUltiPle CaSh flow: 多重现金流Installment:分期付款Deposit:存款AnnUity:年金PerPetuity:永续年金AnnUity due:预付年金DeIayed PerPetuity: 递延永续年金OrdinaryannUity:普通年金Deferred annuity:递延年金Inflation:通货膨胀ConSUmer PriCe index (CPI):消费者物价指数Nominal interest rate: 名义利率Real interest rate:实际利率Net PreSe nt value:净现值OPPOrtU nity cost of capital: 资金的机会成本MUtUaIIy exclusive projects: 互斥项目PaybaCk period:投资回收期In ternal rate of return (IRR):内含报酬率CaPitaI ratio ning:资本限额、资本约束Soft rati oning:资本的软约束Hard rationing:资本的硬约束PrOfitabiIity in dex:盈利能力指数InCremental CaSh flows: 增量现金流量SUnk cost:沉没成本Working capital:营运资本CaPitaI inVeStment:资本投资In VeStme nt in worki ng CaPitaI: 营运资本投资CaSh flow from OPeratiO ns:营业现金流量、经营活动所产生的现金流量CaSh expe nses:付现成本After-tax profit:税后净利润TaX ShieId:税盾效应Straight-I ine depreciatio n:直线折旧法MOdified accelerated cost recovery SyStem (MACRS): 修正的加速成本收回制度SaIVage value:残值PerCe ntage return:收益率DiVide nd yield: 股利收益率CaPitaI gain:资本利得CaPitaI loss:资本损失Real rate of return:实际收益率Nomi nal rate of return:名义收益率Inflation rate:通胀率Market index:市场指数Dow JoneSlndustrial Average:道琼斯工业股票平均价格指数Stan dard & Poor 'composite in dex:标准普尔综合指数MatUrity premium:期限溢价RiSk premium: 风险溢价market portfolio:市场组合Varia nce:方差Standard deviation:标准差AVerage return:平均收益率DiVerSifiCati on:分散投资Portfolio:投资组合Un ique risk or diversifiable risk: 特有风险或可分散风险Market risk or SyStematiC risk: 市场风险或系统风险TrUe value:真实价值EffiCie nt CaPitaI market:有效资本市场COmmerCiaI paper:短期融资券、商业票据TreaSUry stock:库藏股ISSUed shares:已发行股票OUtSta ndi ng shares:流通在外股票AUthOriZed Share capital: 法定股本Par value:面值AdditiO nal paid-in CaPitaI or CaPitaI surplus: 附加实缴资本或资本公积Reta ined earnin gs:留存收益OUtSide directors:外部董事MajOrity voti ng:多数表决投票制度CUmUIatiVe Voti ng:累积投票权Proxy Contest:代理权争夺Preferred stock:优先股Net worth:净值、资本净值Floating-rate Preferred:浮动利率优先股CoUnterbalance:使平衡，抵销Floating interest rate: 浮动利率Prime rate:最优惠利率Londonin terba nk Offered rate (LIBOR): 伦敦银行同业拆借利率FUn ded debt:长期债务SinkingfUnd:偿债基金Callable bond:可赎回债券SUbOrdinated debt:次级债券或后偿债务SeCUred debt:有抵押债务或有担保债务DefaUIt risk:违约风险Eurodollars: 欧洲美元Warrant:认股权证ConVertibIe bond:可转换债券Con VertibIe Preferred stock: 可转换优先股Intern ally gen erated fun ds: 内部资金Finan cial deficit:财务赤字In come Stateme nt:禾U润表Common-SiZe inCome Statement:共同尺度利润表、百分率利润表BaIa nce sheet:资产负债表Common-SiZe bala nce sheet:共同尺度资产负债表LeVerage ratios:负债比率、杠杆比率Financial leverage:财务杠杆Lon g-term debt ratio:长期负债比率Lon g-term debt-equity ratio: 长期债务权益比Total debt ratio:资产负债率TimeS interest earned ratio: 已获禾利息倍数CaSh COVerage ratio:现金流偿债能力比率LiqUidity ratio: 变现能力比率Net worki ng CaPitaI to total assets ratio: 净营运资本占总资产比CUrrent ratio:流动比率QUiCk (or acid-test) ratio:速动比率或酸性测试比率CaSh ratio:现金比率MarketabIe SeCUrities:有价证券ASSet turnover ratio: 资产周转率AVerage collect ion period: 平均收账期InVentorytUrnoVer ratio: 存货周转率PrOfitabiIity ratios:盈利能力比率PrOfit margin:销售净利率、利润边际OPerati ng PrOfit margin: 营业禾U润率RetUrn On assets (ROA):总资产收益率RetUr n On equity (ROE):净资产收益率PayOUt ratio:股利支付率Plowback ratio:留存收益率Lon g-term debt ratio:长期负债比率Lon g-term debt-equity ratio: 长期债务权益比Total debt ratio:资产负债率TimeS interest earned ratio: 已获禾禾息倍数Interest cover ration:利息保障倍数CaSh COVerage ratio:现金流偿债能力比率DU Pont system:杜邦财务分析体系ROA:总资产收益率ROE:净资产收益率CreditOr债权人DefIatiOn通货紧缩EXPe nses 费用Financial Statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动LiabiIitieS 负债NegatiVe CaSh flow 负现金流量OPerating activities 经营活动OWnerS equity 所有者权益Part nership合伙企业PoSitiVe CaSh flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存禾U润ReVenUe 收入Sole PrOPrietOrShiP 独资企业Solvency清偿能力财会名词汉英对照表（1）会计与会计理论会计accoUnting决策人DeCiSiOn Maker 投资人InVeStOr股东Shareholder债权人CreditOr流动资产CUrrent assets 流动负债CUrrent LiabiIitieS 长期负债Lon g-term LiabiIitieS 投入资本Contributed CaPitaI 留存收益Reta ined Earning应收帐款AccoUnt receivable 应收票据Note receivable 起运点交货价 F.O.B ShiPPi ng poi nt目的地交货价 F.O.B dest in ation poi nt商业折扣Trade discoUnt 现金折扣CaSh discou nt 销售退回及折让Sales return and allowa nce坏帐费用Bad debt expe nse 备抵法Allowance method 备抵坏帐Bad debt allowa nce 出票人Maker 受款人Payee 本金Principal 利息率Interest rate 到期日MatUrity date 本票PrOmiSSOry note 贴现DiSCOUnt 背书Endorse拒付费ProteSt fee(4)存货存货InVentory商品存货MerCha ndise inventory 产成品存货Fini Shed goods inventory 在产品存货Work in PrOCeSS inventory 原材料存货RaW materials inven tory 市价MarketVaIUe重置成本RePIaCement cost可变现净值Net realizable value上限UPPer limit下限Lower limit毛利法Gross margin method 零售价格法RetaiI method 成本率Cost ratio(5)长期投资长期投资Lon g-term in VeStme nt 长期股票投资In VeStme nt on StOCkS长期债券投资In VeStme nt OnbondS成本法Cost method 权益法EqUity method 合并法ConsolidatiOn method 股利宣布日DeCIaratiO n date 股权登记日Date of record 除息日Ex-divide nd date 付息日Payme nt date 债券面值FaCe value, Par value 债券折价Disco UntonbondS 债券溢价PremiUm OnbondS 票面利率Contract interest rate, Stated rate 市场利率Market in terest ratio, EffeCtiVe rate 普通股Com mon Stock 优先股Preferred Stock 现金股利CaSh divide nds 股票股利Stock divide nds 清算股利J LiqUidat ing divide nds 到期日MatUrity date 到期值MatUrity value（6）固定资产固定资产PIant assets Or FiXed assets原值Original value预计使用年限EXPeCted USefUI life 预计残？nbsp;EStimated residual value 折旧费用DePreCiati On expe nse 累计折旧ACCUmUIated depreciatiOn 帐面价值Carrying value 应提折旧成本DePreCiatiO n cost 净值Net value 在建工程Con StrUCti On-i n-process 磨损Wear and tear 过时Obsolescence直线法Straight-Iine method （SL）工作量法Un its-of-production method （UOP）力口速折旧法ACCeIerated depreciati On method 双倍余额递减法Double-declining balance method （DDB）年数总和法SUm-Of-the-years-digits method （SYD）以旧换新Trade in经营租赁OPerating lease融资租赁CaPital lease廉价购买权Bargain PUrChaSe optiOn （ BPO）资产负债表外筹资Off-bala nce-sheet financing 最低租赁付款额Mi nimum lease Payme nts（7）无形资产无形资产Intan gible assets 专利权Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names 著作权COPyrightS特许权或专营权Fran ChiSeS商誉Goodwill开办费OrganiZatiOn cost 租赁权LeaSehold 摊销AmOrtiZatiOn（8）流动负债负债LiabiIity流动负债CUrrent liability 应付帐款Account PayabIe 应付票据NoteS PayabIe 贴现票据DiSCoU nt notes长期负债一年内到期部分CUrre nt maturities of Ion g-term liabilities应付股利DiVide nds Payable预收收益PrePayme nts by CUStOmerS存入保证金RefUn dable deposits应付费用ACCrUaI expe nse增值税value added tax营业税BUSiness tax应付所得税In come tax PayabIe应付奖金BonU SeS PayabIe产品质量担保负债EStimated liabilities Un der PrOdUCt Warra nties赠品和兑换券PremiUms, coup OnSand trad ing StamPS 或有事项Con ti ngency 或有负债Contingent或有损失Loss Con ti ngen CieS或有利得GainContingen CieS永久性差异Perma nent differe nce 时间性差异Timi ng differe nce 应付税款法TaXeS PayabIe method（9）长期负债长期负债Lon g-term LiabiIitieS 应付公司债券BondS PayabIe有担保品的公司债券SeCUred BondS抵押公司债券Mortgage BondS保证公司债券GUara nteed Bon ds信用公司债券Debe nture BondS一次还本公司债券Term BondS分期还本公司债券SeriaI BondS可转换公司债券Con VertibIe Bon ds可赎回公司债券Callable BondS可要求公司债券RedeemabIe BondS记名公司债券RegiStered BondS无记名公司债券Coup OnBondS普通公司债券Ordi nary BondS收益公司债券In come BondS名义利率，票面利率Nomi nal rate实际利率ACtUaI rate 有效利率EffeCtiVe rate 溢价PremiUm 折价DiscoUnt 面值Par value直线法Straight-Iine method实际利率法EffeCtiVe in terest method 到期直接偿付RePayme nt at maturity提前偿付RePayment at advance 偿债基金Sinking fund长期应付票据Lon g-term no tes PayabIe抵押借款MOrtgage loan(10)业主权益权益EqUity业主权益OWnerS equity股东权益Stockholders equity投入资本Contributed CaPitaI缴入资本Paid-in CaPitaI股本CaPitaI stock资本公积CaP ital SUrPIUS 留存收益Reta ined earnings 核定股本AUthOriZed CaPitaI stock 实收资本ISSUed CaPitaI stock 发行在外股本O UtSta ndi ng CaPitaI stock库藏股TreaSUry stock 普通股Com mon stock 优先股Preferred stock 累积优先股CUmUIatiVe Preferred stock 非累积优先股Non CUmUIatiVe Preferred stock 完全参加优先股Fully PartiCiPat ing Preferred stock咅B分参加优先股P artially PartiCiPati ng Preferred stock非部分参加优先股Non partially PartiCiPati ng Preferred stock现金发行ISSUa nce for CaSh非现金发行ISSUa nce for non CaSh Con Siderati On股票的合并发行LUmP-SUm sales of stock发行成本ISSUa nce cost 成本法Cost method 面值法Par value method 捐赠资本Don ated CaPitaI 盈余分酉己DiStribUtiO n Of earnings 股利DiVidend股利政策DiVide nd policy 宣布日Date of declarati On 股权登记日Date of record除息日Ex-divide nd date 股利支付日Date of Payme nt现金股利CaSh divide nd 股票股利Stock divide nd拨款appropriatiOn（12）财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础SCFP.Cash BaSiS（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.Worki ng CaPitaI BaSiS（资金来源与运用表）营运资金Working CaPitaI全部资源概念All-resources Con CePt 直接:）业务DireCt exchanges正常营业活动Normal OPerat ing activities财务活动FinanCing activities投资活动In VeSti ng activities(13)财务报表分析财务报表分析An alysis Of finan cial Stateme nts比较财务报表COmParatiVe finan Cial Stateme nts趋势百分比Trend PerCe ntage 比率RatiOS普通股每股收益EarningS Per Share of com mon stock股利收益率DiVide nd yield ratio价益比PriCe-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值Book value Per Share of com mon stock 资本报酬率RetUr n Onin VeStme nt总资产报酬率RetUr n On total asset债券收益率Yield rate OnbondS已获禾利息倍数NUmber of times in terest earned债券比率Debt ratio优先股收益率Yield rate On Preferred stock营运资本Working CaPitaI周转TUrnOVer存货周转率InVentorytUrno Ver应收帐款周转率Accou nts receivable turnover流动比率CUrrent ratio速动比率QUiCk ratio酸性试验比率ACid test ratio(14)合并财务报表合并财务报表Con solidated financial Stateme nts吸收合并Merger创立合并Con Solidation控股公司Pare nt compa ny附属公司SUbSidiary ComPa ny少数股权Minorityin terest 权益联营合并Pooli ng of in terest购买合并Comb in ati On by PUrChaSe 权益法EqUity method 成本法Cost method。