II. Text LearningSelf-Esteem and Body Image1 I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curlyhair, straight hair, a smaller nose, , bigger muscles, longer legs.2 Do any of these statements sound familiar?（承上句）Are you used to puttingyourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton ofchanges（大量的变化）in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image ofyourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect theirself-esteem.3 Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feelin themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important becausefeeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has highself-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his orher behavior,and will enjoy life more.Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. Formany people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closelylinked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care moreabout how others see them.（承上句）4 What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?PubertySome teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because thebody goes through many changes. (1)These changes, combined with a natural desireto feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves withothers. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actorsand celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it canbe tempting for people to compare themselves with others.(1) natural desire天生的欲望(2) it can be tempting（吸引人的，诱惑人的）for people to compare themselves withothers 中it是形式主语，真正的主语是for people to compare themselves with others, forpeople作不定式的逻辑主语。
注意不定式和动名词逻辑主语的选择It's selfish of you to think of yourself all thetime（你老是想着自己）.It's important for you to master a foreign language（你掌握一门外语）.It's+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此类形容词包括：nice, kind, cruel, selfish, selfless, brave,wise, foolish, stupid 等。
Do you mind my/me/ Tom's / Tom opening thewindow（我/汤姆开窗）?His/Tom's having left home（他/汤姆离家出走）made his parents very sad.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】24. It's essential ______ to keep a dictionary athand while you are reading an English novel.A．that youB．yourC．of youD．foryou【答案】D【解析】本题考查不定式的逻辑主语。
形容词essential不是表示人的品质、行为的词，故选择for you 而不是ofyou。
如果选择A应该把题干中空格后的to去掉，即essential 后接用虚拟语气的从句。
【知识点】不定式的逻辑主语(2)But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changesthat come with puberty are different for everyone.（承上启下句、主题句）Some people startdeveloping early; others are late bloomers. Some get a temporary layer of fat toprepare for a growth spurt（急剧增长）; others fill out permanently, and still othersfeel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. (3)It all depends on howour genes have programmed our bodies to act.（承上总结句）The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel aboutthemselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about theirmaturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls mayfeet pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don't look big or muscularenough.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析2. But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changesthat come with puberty are different for everyone.measure oneself against ...对照……评价自己，一较高下，与……较量3. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodiesto act.(1) depend on 取决于It depends. 看情况吧。
(2) program 使按预定的步骤进行our genes haveprogrammed our bodies to act 我们的基因已经设定好了身体将如何成长Outside InfluencesIt's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors(like media images of skinny girls and bulked-up guys) can affect a person'sbody image too.Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parentsspend more timecriticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which canreduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem.People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the waythey look from classmates and peers. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice isthe source of such comments. Although these often come from ignorance, sometimesthey can affect someone's body image and self-esteem.5 Healthy Self-EsteemIf you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the wayyou are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growingup, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from yourparents, and challenging yourself physically and mentally. Developing theseparts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem.A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strongself-esteem. Forexample, saying, "Hey, I'm human" instead of "Wow, I'm such a loser" when you'vemade a mistake, or not blaming others when things don't go as expected.Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feelcapable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthylifestyle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination forbuilding good self-esteem.6 Tips for Improving Your Body ImageSome people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good aboutthemselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your bodyand how you think about yourself.The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter whatshape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight orsize, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it's no one'sbusiness but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happywith yourself.Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change andwhich you can't. Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming（表面上）celeb) has thingsabout themselves that they can't change and need to accept, like their height,for example, or their shoe size.(4)If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such ashow fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you wantto get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Thenkeep track of your progress until you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge youset for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!本部分重点及难点显示重难点解析4. If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such ashow fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself.do sth. for oneself Goodstudents should learn to think for themselves.do sth. by oneself Because therewas nobody else, he had to do it by himself.live to oneself He bought a housenear his widowed mother's because he didn't want her to live to herself.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】25. You are over 18 now, so try to carry out the task______ oneself. That is, please try to do it _______.A．by, independentB．for,independentlyC．to, dependentlyD．in, dependently【答案】B【解析】本题考查for / to / byoneself及dependently / independently。