4.7.2 概要写作跟踪练习A2019年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.第一段提到了一种现象：现在的家长对孩子表扬太多，但太多不真诚的表扬会导致孩子产生惧怕心理；第二段讲到表扬太少也不好，表扬太少会让孩子觉得不够被重视，成功没意义；第三段解释了何谓正确的表扬方式：那就是高质而真诚的表扬；第四段讲到了最重要的是表扬过程而不是结果，它可以让家长更好地认识自己的孩子。

还有表扬要基于事实以及孩子为之付出的努力。

从结构上看这四段文字就是：表扬很多不好——表扬很少也不好——要有质量的表扬——表扬过程和努力。

【参考范文】1：Research found parents should neither praise kids too much nor give them inadequate praise. The former can make kids afraid to try new things, while the latter can make kids not work hard enough.（要点1和2）While praising kids, parents should pay attention to the quality of it . All in all, when praising kids, be sincere, and focus on the amount of efforts kids are committed to.（要点3和4）【78字】【参考范文2】Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you have depends on how hard they work.【74字】【参考范文3】：While social media, like Twitter, has gained in popularity, teachers are wondering whether they can apply it to the classroom. Some claim that it's convenient to extend learning after class and students need to know how to use it appropriately and responsibly. Others, however, fear that using it in class makes it easier for students to get distracted. Additionally, some students hold that they prefer not to mix study with personal life. 【72字】BIn schools and at home, most of US have been scolded(责备) or even got punished for daydreaming. The majority of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy on something unproductive. But many medical studies have shown something different. They’ve stressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination, creativity and situation-handling techniques. In fact, many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.The top most benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement. By separatingyourself from the world around you, you tend to enjoy the loneliness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses. When you start imagining things, you will forget all the stress and tension(紧张) .Instead, you will get happiness from it and this happiness will turn into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood.Many psychologists have said that pe ople who daydream tend to have a sharper memory. It’s true. When you’re daydreaming, you’ll tend to get carried away to imagine various situations, either real or unreal. You tend to act differently in different situations, trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams. When your mind gets satisfied, you’re in a better position to concentrate more on your work. Since daydreaming activates (激活) the nerves of your brain, you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things will develop.When you daydream, you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore, you get to know yourself better.You also start realizing the mistakes you’ve made in life and trying your best to avoid repeating them. Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________【参考范文】：1. Many people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However, that is not the case. Many medical Studies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First of all, daydreaming can improve your mood.What’s more, it helps deve lop your memory. Last but not least, daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.CAre you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in t heir lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget---if you are shy, you are not the only one. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】：Shyness is common and some reasons account for it according to scientists.(要点1) They think shyness may come from genetics, family size and birth place. For instance, younger children or the only child are more likely to be shy; Israelis are less shy than Japanese because of their different attitudes towards failure.(要点2) To help people suffering from shyness, scientists also give some useful suggestions.DHave you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache. However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad. Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick. The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep your SELF in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure（休闲）, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________【参考范文】：When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad. However, there are both good and bad stress. Good stress can help you do things better, while bad stress results from lasting too long can make you sick. Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.EIt’s not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”S helley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour a nd could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮) for havi ng a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”Children don’t seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need,” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why Her daughter has actually asked for one.______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________【参考范文】：(1)Tutoring is gaining popularity in Canada, suited to children (2)at different levels. Generally, (3)higher academic achievements are the goal, beyond which are the cultural and attitudinal shifts, partly due to (4)Asian immigrants’ influence, and (5)parents’ lack of time or ability to help children. These all contribute to the rise of the business and (6)the growing acceptance among parents and children.FI received a call today asking if I would be ready to bring food to a family in need. The mother was having a major operation and would be lying down for several weeks. Of course, I responded with an immediate “Yes!”. As I planned the meal in my head, I re flected on how many times over the years I had been asked to prepare food. I have done so countless times with a very open heart.But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. When my mother passed away，our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks. A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food. The gift of food was her small way of trying to ease our pain.Later in my life, when I was on bed rest during my pregnancy with twins, men of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two year old daughter, and brought lovely dinners to our house. Even when I was put in the hospital, my husband would bring cooked meals to my hospital room. How we relied on these dinners to feed my tired husband and young daughter.Food is all about comfort. It feeds our bodies, but it can also feed our souls. When you hear people talking about their favorite holidays, it usually includes their feelings connected with sharing food. I know that I will have many more opportunities in my lifetime to prepare food for others. It is truly a gift I want to prepare and deliver to someone in need.______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________【参考范文】：The passage mainly talked about preparing and delivering food to someone in need. The author shared with us the experiences that changed her life. When her mother passed away and when she got pregnant, the women from the church of her community bring food to her family. After that, when others were in need of help, the author was pleased to lend a hand.GAccording to a study at the University of Marland Medical Center in Baltimore, researchers found that people who had a good sense of humor and laughed a lot, not only at home but also at work, had fewer heart problems than people who laughed less, and laughing people tend to live a longer life than the ones who are not.After reading plenty of information about the benefits of laughing and a careful study of previous papers in this area, a doctor in India started a laughter club. Dr. Mandan Damaris's laughter club quickly grew into 1,800 groups throughout India and over 6,000 around the world. The laughter club had even inspired World Laughter Day, which people celebrate on the first Sunday of May every year. Instructors at the clubs get people laughing not only through jokes but through simple laughing exercises, for example, instructors and participants repeat the chant "ho-ho-ho" and "ha-ha-ha" together. What's more, participants also do the "Lion laugh" by sticking out their tongues and waving their hands around their ears. Other exercises focus on breathing and simple yoga exercises. In a word, all the activities that can cause laugh are included in the clubs.These laughter clubs are very popular in hospitals and nursing homes nowadays in India, where participants can forget about their aches and pains while laughing. It seems that laughing may be just as important as eating right and exercising.Not everyone can join a laughter club, but we all can take part in the same practice. According to the doctor, besides taking part in the clubs, everyone can do something to make themselves laugh. How canyou make laughing a part of your daily routine? If you feel funny about joining a laughter club, you can rent a funny movie, remember a funny experience, do some sports, go to the zoo, watch the monkeys or even, just make yourself laugh. You will not be able to keep a straight face all the time.So, don't worry; be happy. Laugh a little and live longer.______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________【参考范文】：Researchers found that laughing could make people live a healthier and longer life.（要点1）Based on sufficient information, a doctor in India opened a laughter club to make participants laugh through various activities.（要点2）Actually, the idea of laughter clubs is prevailing in India nowadays and people attach great importance to laughing.（要点3）So it’s advised that everyone should try to do more laughing in one way or another.（要点4）。