四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型中考英语语法考点总结——冠词和名词知识清单冠词一、不定冠词a/an的用法1、用于第一次提到的某人或者某物。
This is a nook.2、泛指人或物的类别，用于区别其它种类。
A plane is a machine that can fly.3、泛指某人或者某物。
A girl is waiting for you.4、用于表示时间、速度、价格等名词之前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。
two kilometres an hourfive lessons a week.5、不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一、再一”。
The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.6、不定冠词用在某些被具体化的物质名词或者抽象名词前，表示“一次、一场、一顿”等。
There will be a strong wind in the south of China.His new book was a great success.Oh, John. What a great surprise you gave us!7、用于某些固定词组中。
have a good time 玩得开心in a hurry 匆忙for a while 一会儿二、定冠词the的用法1、表示双方都知道的人或事物。
Give me the book, please.2、表示特指的或上下文提到过的人或物。
Do you know the girl in red?I have a book. The book is interesting.3、表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The earth moves around the sun.4、用在序数词、形容词最高级以及对特定的两个名词进行比较时的比较级前面。
The first lesson is very easy.She is the most careful student in our class.He is the younger of the two boys.5、用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。
The Greens are watching TV now.6、用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或物。
The orange is orange.7、用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国8、与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。
The rich should help the poor.9、用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。
Jilin province is in the north-east of China.I like playing the piano.10、用在某些固定词组中。
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上at the same time 同时by the way 顺便问一下in the end 最后三、零冠词的用法1、不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。
Man can’t live without water.Horses are domestic animals.2、某些专有名词，如人民、地名、国家名等，前面用零冠词。
China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.3、名词前已有限定词，如物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等修饰时，用零冠词。
Every student likes English in our class.4、用在表示日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某个季节，要在季节前加the。
June 1st is Children’s Day.Spring comes after winter.That event happened in the spring of 1932.5、称呼或者表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。
This is Professor Li.What’s wrong, Granny?6、三餐、球类及学科名词前用零冠词。
I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays basketball after school.Of all the subjects, I like English best.7、与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词。
by car; by train注意：但take a car, in a boat, on the bike等短语中的交通工具前需要用冠词。
8、公共假日、节日名称前用零冠词。
New Year’s Day 元旦Women’s Day 妇女节9、某些固定词组中用零冠词。
at noon/night/dawn in dangerin time day and night名词一、名词的分类名词按其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
具体情况见下表：二、可数名词的复数形式1、可数名词变复数规则如下：2、某国人变复数的规则如下：①单复数相同Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese②由-man构成的复合名词Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen注意：German-Germans③以(i)an结尾的名词American-AmericansArab-ArabsEgyptian-EgyptiansAustralian-Australians某国人变复数的口诀：中日不变、英法变，其余-s加后面。
三、名词所有格1、名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，有两种表达形式：’s所有格和of所有格。
Beijing is China’s capital.=Beijing is the capital of Chin a.2、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加’s；表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词在词尾都加’s。
This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.3、以s结尾的复数名词，构成所有格时，在后面加上’；不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加上’s。
Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4、of所有格主要用于表示无生命的东西。
the door of the roomthe leaves of the tree5、表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后面加上’s，表示该处所。
at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s office6、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以用’s所有格。
today’s newsten minutes’ walk/ride/drive7、双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词。
He is a friend of my brother’s.Is she a daughter of yours?难点突破一、不定冠词a和an的区别a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前；an用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。
There is a supermarket near my home.There is an “f” in the word “five”.特别提醒：1、判断一个单词是以原因因素开头，还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。
2、在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x，其余前面用a。
3、以字母u开头的单词要特别注意：an umbrella; an unusual story; a university二、有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别go to school 上学（是学生）go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 向床边走去at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁边at school 在上学at the school 在学校里in class 在上课in the class 在班级里in front of 在……（外部的）前面in the front of 在……（内部）的前面三、同一名词可数与不可数意义的区别有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。
fish 鱼（可数名词）fish 鱼肉（不可数名词）chicken 鸡（可数名词）chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词）paper 试卷（可数名词）paper 纸（不可数名词）glass 玻璃杯（可数名词）glass 玻璃（不可数名词）room 房间（可数名词）room 空间（不可数名词）四、复合形容词中名词的形式“数词+名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。
She is a five-year-old girl.a 100-metre race五、双重所有格与of所有格的区别a friend of his mother’s 他妈妈的一个朋友the friend of his mother 他妈妈的朋友六、名词作定语时的形式1、名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sports例外。
paper tigers 纸老虎apple trees 苹果树work places 工作场所sports shoes 运动鞋2、当man和woman作定语时，被修饰的名词变成复数时，man和woman也要变成复数形式；如果是其它词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
man teacher-men teacherswoman doctor-women doctorsboy student-boy students解题秘诀1、解决冠词类题目时，首先要搞清楚句子中的名词时单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指时不用任何冠词，单数名词前常加不定冠词。
2、解决名词类题目时，遵循语义优先原则，四个备选项在语法结构上不存在差异，而在语义上虽然比较接近，但毕竟存在差异。
易错题型1.Donald Trump, 71-year-old business man, was chosen President of the USlast year.A.a; aB. a; /C. the; aD. the; the2.--When will car race begin?--I’m not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after next.A.a; theB. an; theC. the; aD. the; the3.--Are you leaving now? Having dinner with you was great fun.--Thanks a lot, but I have to make early start tomorrow morning.A./; anB. a; anC. /; theD. a; the4.--Can you remember when Mr. Green left city?--Sorry, I can’t. I only remember it was Monday.A.a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a5.--Do you see Audi car parked here?--Is it black one? A young man has driven it away.A.an; aB.the; theC.the; aD.an; the6.We will see even stronger China in near future.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; aD. an; a7. Tom wants to study at_____university in Europe, but hasn't decided which one to go to yet.A. anB. aC. theD. /8. -- My son seldom has breakfast.-- It is unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.A./; anB. the; anC. /; aD. the; a9.Tong Liya is _______ famous actress who acted as a country woman in _______1970sin the TV show Ordinary World.A. a; / `B. a; theC. the; theD. the;/10. --Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test?--She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have_____third try.A. the; /B. a; theC. the; aD. the; the参考答案1-5 BDAA 6-10 BBABC中考英语语法考点总结——代词和数词知识清单代词一、人称代词1、人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。