2019 托福写作备考策略之独立话题【托福】
选择2016 年9 月独立机经部分题目
1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades
determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others
prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large
ones. Which do you prefer and why?
2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are
parts of a decision.
3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed
in the following do you prefer?
Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to
benefit all
Build a sports field for students in high school which
doesn’t have its own.
ernmenthas done enough to educate people the
importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving
their neighborhoods than they are today.
6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for
making decisions. Today young people are better able to make
decisions on their own.
7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book
than by doing physical exercises.
8.We should state our honest opinions even though people
may disagree with us.
9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt
oneself to the new environment ismore important than
excellent knowledge.
10.People spend too much time communication through
social media and text messages.
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
12.Technology designed to make people ’s life simpler in
fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are
more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.
14.It is as important for older people to study and lean
new things as it is for youngpeople.
15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is
more important than to achieve success.
16.It is important to know what is happening around the
world, even if it does not affect your personal life.
实用方法介绍
丨1. 常用论点/ 理由
针对独立写作的常见话题,大致可归成三类:个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now⋯past ⋯让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现,讨论政府的投资或者政策,有些题目虽然没
有government这个词出现,但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题,也能够划为政府类,比如A/D Professional athletes such as the
football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries
that they are paid. )
1)个人类常用理由
学知识、练技能、拓展视野⋯⋯..
工作机会、赚钱⋯⋯.
交朋友、陪伴家人⋯⋯. ( 合作、沟通) ⋯⋯.
品质(自信,独立,坚持,乐观) /兴趣爱好
身体健康、放松心情⋯⋯.
省时间、省钱、省精力⋯⋯⋯..
2)古今类常用理由
现代社会的优点:
教育:先进全面鼓励个性
工作:种类丰富机会多
医疗:治愈缓解更多疾病
技术:网络电子产品汽车
公共设施:便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮
法律制度:保障个人权利
媒体:揭露真相传播信息
人与人:互动频繁、方便
经济进步:更充裕的钱和无助
世界和平:更少的战争伤亡
现代社会的缺点:
环境问题(污染,能源消耗)
生活压力(学习,工作)
欺骗敲诈
3)决策类常用思路
注:除了使用个人类常用理由,针对决策类这种和政府相关有社
会影响力的题目,建议多角度讨论,一下是常见的讨论角度:
1. 大众individuals
对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)
是不是我们每个人都需要的?(绝大部分/ 小众)
2. 相关群体relativegroups
题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等
3. 企业c ompanies
企业有钱,能够代替政府去投资有利可图的领域
4. 社会Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement ⋯
丨2.对比段
通常来说,托福独立写作的论证写 3 段,上文介绍了最基本的常用理由,但有时候,因为各种原因只想出 2 个理由的时候,能够写一段对比段,即把对比论证写一段。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨3. 让步段
除了对比段之外,让步段也能够解决只有 2 个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨4. 拆分法/ 分情况讨论
针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题,我们能够分情况讨论,或者对于关键词实行定义和拆分,在更加具体的情况下方便论证。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨5. 检验论点
没有标准答案,这是独立解题最自由的地方。
但这并不意味着什么样的理由都能够作为论点并且展开段落的。
课堂上,一些学生能够
马上相处三个理由,但仔细探究,可能只有一个理由是能够作为论点的。
这里说一下三个检验标准: 1. 支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3. 易于展开
丨6. 灵活调整
根据ETS的出题,我们知道,题目是千变万化的,为了协助学生
更好的应对,老师们会总结出一些实用方法,对学生来说,比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是,在题目的练习中,去使用这些方法,并且
灵活的调整。
如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题,那么就放弃这个理由;
如果只想出两个理由,那么能够加一个让步段或者对比段;
如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难,能够试着拆分法;
如果完全同意/ 不同意很难,能够试着两边倒;
如果题目中有绝对词,能够部分同意/ 不同意。
... ...
实用方法在题目中的具体使用
使用第一部分的9 月机经部分题目
1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades
determined by numerous small assignments, whereas
othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few
large ones. Which do youprefer and why?
观点:small assignments
论点1:轻松
论点2:知识(学生复习;老师备课)
论点3:对比段/ 让步段
2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are
parts of a decision.
观点:agree
论点1:来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极
论点2:员工的参与促动想法的完善
论点3:对比段
3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed
in the following do you prefer?
1)Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to
benefit all。