综合辅导：专四整理资料(1)主动被动一般现在时does is done一般过去时did was done现在进行体is doing is being done过去进行体was doing was being done现在完成体has done has been done过去完成体had done had been done现在完成进行体has been doing过去完成进行体had been doing不定式主动被动一般形式(to) do(to) be done进行体(to) be doing完成体(to) have done (to) have been done完成进行体(to) have been doing-ing分词主动被动一般形式doing being done完成体having done having been doneIt is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscio us of how much you value him.（强调）Just as the soil is a part of the earth,so is the atmosphere.正如…，…也…none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”lenses镜片glasses眼镜sights视野；风景crystals水晶，晶体You should have your eyes tested every year in case the lenses of your spectacles need changing.turn up出现，露面turn in归还，递交turn out原来是，证明是turn to求助于；求教于hang out 把……挂出hang up 把……挂起，挂断(电话)hang together 结合在一起hang round 闲荡collaborate合作，合著in collaboration withcompile汇集；编辑gather聚会，集会collect意为“收集；集合When Sarah and I collaborated on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.fee费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)tax税，税款payment支付，付款premium津贴；酬金aid辅助器具translate变换，把…转化成help帮助transfer移交，迁移support支持transplant移植(器官)tool工具transmit传染(疾病)，传达(知识)综合辅导：专四整理资料(2)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿…而不愿…No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything t here is going on in the world.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, shoul d there be (if there should be) a sudden loud noise.Henceforth 从今以后in the way意为“妨碍(某人)The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the fi nal exams.动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语understand better than... 对…非常理解I understand better than most the enormous amount of preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.contribute to (doing)sth.有助于，促成I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.It is no good doing sth做…没用lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children should take it by mistake.attribute to把…归因于contribute to有助于，促成on principle根据行为准则；按照原则in principle原则上；基本上When I got out of the car and walked about among them, except for o ne old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to chee r.except for除…以外后接名词see that留意…；负责…；务必…except that除去…之外后接句子provided that 倘若，在…条件下no(not)...but...没有……不……no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不no(not)...unless没有……就不……not...until直到……才……a point of honor 涉及名誉的事情in one’s honor为某人的荣誉”on one’s honor以名誉担保an honor光荣的人或事There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。
can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。
例如：You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。
We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
to know better than to do sth.表示责备应该知道不该做某事You should know better than to leave your little sister at home by hers elf.综合辅导：专四整理资料(3)might as well后接动词原形不妨，何不resort to (doing) sth.求助于She resorted to stealing when she had no money to buy foods for her children.It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shop assistants g uess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.on the market 上市，出售This house will probably come on the market next month.put up 宿夜put in度过，消磨（时间等）put down 写下，记录put on 上演，演出I put up with the Browns during my stay in New York City.suggest, propose, demand ,insist, recommend, command等动词后面的宾语从句中，应使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。
but for 意为“要不是”，它的典型使用就是在虚拟语气的句子中He might have been killed but for the timely arrival of the ambulance.当turn为“行为，举止”时，常与good, bad, ill，evil连用。
do sb. a good tu rn 做利于某人的事He did me a good turn by lending me ten pounds.Mac’s close resemblance to his brother made people mist ake them for one another.technical技术的，技能的a patch of 一块……below (智力、地位、军阶等)低于technological 技术学的，工艺学的a bunch of 一串……under (尺寸、价值、数量、程度、标准等)少于，低于technique 技术，技能a pinch of 一撮……beneath 在…下方；(地位，级别等)低于，次于technology技术（学），工艺（学）a packet of 一包……down 往…下端pay back 回报，报答pay for 为…付出代价pay up 全部付清pay off还清债务；清偿欠(某人)的债务“If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves paid back in actio n later on.”“如果我们不能现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中得到回报”。
限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。
take it out on sb.拿某人出气固定结构It’s not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and take it o ut on your wife and children.for fear that 后接虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch c old.have no business doing /to do something没有权力，没有理由做某事You have no business interfering with my affairs.综合辅导：专四整理资料(4)We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yo urs works miracle.unless 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。