绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意： 1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I 卷（第1- 12页）和第II 卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一 律不得分。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名 ，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上 ，在答题 纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷（共103分）I. Liste ning Comprehe nsion Sectio n A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversationsbetween two speakers.At the end of each con versati on, a questi on will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best an swer to the questi on you have heard. 1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashi on ed.D. It is disappo in ti ng.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. I n a theatre. B. I n a library. C. I n a book ing office. D. I n a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasn ' t interested in the show. D. She didn6. A. The womanoften eats out for breakfast. B. C. The woman doesn ' t have breakfast. breakfast.7. A. Sell ing cucumbers. B. Plan ti ng vegetables. C. Cook ing tomatoes. 8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn dow n the job offer. C. The man may have ano ther cha nee. D. The man can apply for the job aga in. 9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on Ki ng Street. C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online. 10. A. Its ending is not good eno ugh. B. Its special effects are not satisfy ing.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.'t get a favourable seat. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn ' t servea meal. D. Pick ingSectio n BDirecti ons: In Secti on B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questi ons on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questi ons will be spoke n only once. When you hear a questi on, read the four possible an swers on your paper and decide which one would be the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.Questi ons 11 through 13 are basedon the follow ing passage11. A . $1.B. $2C. $3D. $ 52.12. A .Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on livi ngexpenses.C. Deposit $1000 every monthD. Put part of the money in a savingsaccount.13.A.Methods of savi ngmon ey.B. Saving money for family emerge ncies.C. The importa nee of savi ngmon ey.D. Secrets of spendingmoney wisely.Questi ons 14 through 16 are basedon thefollow ingpassage14. A. Free educati on. B. A sum of money.C. Don ati ons from a localn ewspaper. D. Gifts from many people.15.A. Let stude nts in beforeschool.B.Offer icecream and coffee.C. In troduce a bank into the campusD. Reduce the trafficjams around.16.A.It lacks positive n ews.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a placeworthlivi ng in.D.Itrema ins peacefuland quiet.Sectio n CDirections:In secti onC, you will hear two Ion gercon versati ons. Theconversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your an swer sheet.Bianks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD each an swer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ch an swer.II. Grammar and VocabularySectio n ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make thepassages cohere nt and grammatically correct. For the bla nks with a give n word, fill in each bla nk with the proper form. of the give n word; for the other bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother' s house, so I stayed with her for a mon th. During that time, I helped out with the housework and con tributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out prettyquickly —we were always sudde nly out of someth ing. (25) _______ (won der) how my mumcould con sume them so quickly, I bega n observi ng her daily rout ine for two weeks.To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morni ng at about nine. Even tually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______happe ned truly amazed me. She was tak ing the food to the refugee camp, in (27) ____she distributed it to childre n.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28) _____________________________ (do)? Wasshe worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) _____________ (buy) the groceriesif I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30) ____________ she could react, I gaveher a big hug and told her she didn ' t need to keep it a secret (31) ______ me. Shetold me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has bee n help ing out by givi ng them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32) _____________________________ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are begi nning to get stressed about being stressed.In rece nt years, stress(33) _____ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medicalproblems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things,it is only too much stress(34) ____ does you harm. It is time you con sidered thatif there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are un der, the (35) ________________________________________ (good) your performa nce will be.Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and fin ally a breakdow n. You can tell whe n you are over the top and on the dow nward slope, by asking yourself (36) __________________ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) ____ , and yet find it impossible to say no?Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) __________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you hadbetter(39) ____ (con trol ) your stress, as you probably are un der more stress tha nis good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart show ing how much stress is in volved in various even ts. Getti ng married is 50, preg nancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in yourlife is over 150, you are twice as likely (40) _____ (get )ill.Sectio n BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.What makes good desig n? Over the years, desig ners and artists have bee n trying to 41 theessentials of good design. They have found that some sayings canhelp people un dersta nd the ideas of good desig n. There are four as follows.Less is more. This say ing is associated with the Germa n-bor n architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and eleganee, and the aim of the desig ner is to create soluti ons to problems through the most efficie nt means. Desig n should avoid unn ecessary 42 _____More is n ot a bore. The America n-bor n architect Robert Ven turi con cluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers beganto 44 with decorati on and color aga in. Product desig n was heavily in flue need by this view and can be see n in kitche n 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fit ness for purpose. Successful product desig n takes into con siderati on a product ' s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, th ink of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importa ntly, it n eeds to 48 light where it is n eeded.From follows emoti on. This phrase is associated with the Germa n desig ner Hartmut Essli nger. He believes desig n must take into 49 the sensory side of our n ature —sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational (理性的).When choos ing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-look ing device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSectio n ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view thatevery one has the pote ntial to find satisfacti on in work.In any case, despite so much evide nee to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees n eed con sta nt supervisi on if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian （专制的）managers.Differe nt cultures have differe nt ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritaria n man ageme nt, somecultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the con sultative nature of decisi on-mak ing —all members of the departme nt or work group are asked to56 to this process. This is man ageme nt by the collective opinion. Many western compa nies have tried to imitate such Asia n ways of doing thin gs, which are based on general 57 . Someexperts say that womenwill become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach com mon goals in a way that traditi onal 58 ___ man agers cannot.A recent trend has bee n to en courage employees to use their own in itiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment 授权）has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layersin companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a toplevel of senior man agers, fron t-l ine man agers and employees with direct con tact withthe public. Empowerme nt takes the idea of delegati on （委托）much further tha n has62 bee n the case. Empowerme nt and delegati on mean new forms of man ageme nt con trol to 63 that the overall bus in ess pla n is being followed, and that operatio ns become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Ano ther trend is off-site or 64 man ageme nt, where teams of people lin ked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project man agers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spe nd on them.51. A. desire B.seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. con trary B. expectati on C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. i nside C. below D. above55. A. replac ing B. assess ing C. man agi ng D.en couragi ngDirection : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquesti ons or unfini shed sattme nts. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thickbook called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again . My in terest was aroused only by the fact that the word“ Poems appeared in big, hot pink letters."Is it good? ” I asked her.“ Yeah, ” she answered. “ There ' s one I really like and you ' ll like it, too.I lea ned forward.Patty Poem, '” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She n ever puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay, …①散乱的The poem was just three short secti ons. The final one came quickly:Whe n she grows and gathers poise ②，②稳重I ' ll miss her harum-scarum ③ noise, ③莽撞的 And look in vai n ④ for scattered toys.④徒劳地And I ' ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mea n girl. Then, the shock. "It ' s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a pare nt' s affectio n whe n her child grows up andleaves. To me, the “ she ” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What' s wrong? ” my mother asked.“Oh Mama ” I cried. "I don ' t want to grow up ever! ”She smiled. “ Hon ey, it ' s okay. You ' re not grow ing up any time soon. And whe n you do, I ' ll56. A. refer 57. A. agreeme nt 58. A. bossy 59. A. ask ing 60. A. doubli ng 61. A. ho noured62. A. econo mically B. traditi on ally63. A. deny64. A. virtual on-the-sce ne 65. A. opinionSectio n BB. con tribute B. practice B. experie needB. trai ning B. mai ntai ningB. leftB. admitB. ineffective B. riskC. object C. electio nC. wester n C. warni ng C. reduci ng C. crowdedC. in adequately C. assumeC. day-to-day C. performa neeD. applyD. impressi on D. male D. firing D. estimati ng D. comparedD. occasi on ally D. ensureD.D. attractive nessstill love you, okay? ”“ Okay, ” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem aga in and was con fused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The Ian guage was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful.I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person ' s world.I have si nee falle n in love with other poems, but “ Patty Poem ” remai ns my poem. After all, “ Patty Poem gave memy love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.by the book Best Loved Poemsto ReadAgain and Again?66. Whywas the writer attractedA. It was a thick eno ugh book.B. Somethi ng on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was readi ng it with in terest.D. It has a meanin gful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt _____ a t first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. con fused68. The writer ' s mother liked to read “ Patty Poem ” probably because ____A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple IanguageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happe n69. It can be concluded from the passage that “ Patty Poem leads the writer to _______________ .A. discover the power of poetryB. recog nize her love for puzzlesC. find her eager ness to grow upD. experie nee great homesick ness(B)Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was firststudied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actionsdo make a differenee. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth ' s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions (排放)from 2008to 2012. Some coun tries have decided to con ti nue these reduct ions un til 2020. Morerecently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit globalwarm ing. But just now how much warmer it will get depe nds on how deeply coun tries cut carb on emissi ons...3.5 CThis is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carb on emissi ons; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to ext in cti on.-2 CTo meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighte n emissi onstargets every five years. Even this in crease could sink some islands, worsedrought （干旱）and drive a decline of up toa third in the nu mber of species.1.5 CThis is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, aftera push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati,which say limiti ng temperature rise to 1.5 C could save them fromsin ki ng.0.8 CThis is how much temperatures have rise n since the in dustrial agebegan, putting us 40% of the way to the 2 C point.0CThe baseli ne here is average global temperature before the start of the in dustrialage.70. It can be con cluded from paragraph 1 that ______ .A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissi ons have bee n effectively reduced in developed coun triesC. the Paris Agreeme nts is more in flue ntial tha n the Kyoto ProtocolD. huma ns have made continu ous efforts to slow dow n global warm ing71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The huma n populati on would in crease by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement ' s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximumtemperature rise, since the start of the in dustrial age, should be _____ .A. 0.8 CB. 1.5 CC. 2 CD. 3.5 C(C)Eno ugh “ meanin gless drivel ” . That' s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commo ns Scie nee and Tech no logy Committee ' s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sig n up to long in comprehe nsible legal con tracts and calls for an intern ati onal sta ndard or kitemark (认证标记)to ide ntifysites that have clear terms and con diti ons.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone, ” says An drew Miller, the chair of the committee. In stead, he says,firms should provide a plai n-En glish vers ion of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the origi nal.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UKgovernment is looking at in troduci ng it on a volun tary basis. “ we n eed to th ink through how we make thatwork in practice, ” says Miller.Would we pay any more atte nti on to a kitemark? “ I think if you went and d id the survey, people would like to think they would, ” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampt on, UK, who st udies ope n data. “ We do know people worry a lot about thein appropriate use of their in formati on. ” But what would happe n in practice is ano thermatter, he says.Other orga ni sati ons such as banks ask customers to sig n long con tracts they may not read or un dersta nd, but Miller believes social media requires special atte nti on because it is so new. “We still don ' t know how significant the Ion g-term impactis going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years ' time, ” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidenee to the committee, says the problem isthat we don't know how companies will use our data because their busin ess models and uses of data are still evolv ing. Large collecti onsof personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and an ger whe n a social media firm does someth ing with data that people don' t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn ' t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel ” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal con tracts that social media firms make people sig n up to.B. Warnings from the UK gover nment aga inst un safe websites.C. Guideli nes on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be in ferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _____ .A. social media firms would con duct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a n ati on wide scaleD. the kitemark would help compa nies develop their bus in ess models75. An drew Miller thi nks social media n eeds more atte nti on tha n banks mai nly becauseA. their users con sist largely of kids un der 20 years oldB. the Ian guage in their con tracts is usually harder to un dersta ndC. the in formati on they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users ' data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to ______ .A. think carefully before post ing anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operati on?C. Accept without read ing?D. Admi nistratio n matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. The n an swer the questi ons or complete thestateme nts in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion （拥堵）at some of the country ' s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Un dergr ound as part of a pla n to in crease capacity （容量）at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, elim in at ing the rule of sta nding on the right and walk ing on the left. The move,imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designedto in crease the nu mber of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expa nded across the Tube n etwork in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of longescalators, leavi ng the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the“ sta nding “ side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operati ons director at London Un dergro und, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by sta nding still, but our experime nts at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-mo nth trial will help us find out if we can in flue nce customers to sta nd on both sides in the long term. ”Holbor n has one of the Ion gest sets of escalators on the Un dergr ound n etwork at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wan ted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has show n that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walki ng.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people betwee n 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 duri ng the researchi ng period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three“ up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: An sweri ng the questi ons the questi ons or complete the stateme ntsin NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year ' s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80. The research suggests that walk ing should be forbidde n on escalatorsthat are at least _________ i n height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “ up” escalators will be used for ______________ .第II卷（共47分）I. Tran slati onDirectio ns: Tran slate the followi ng sentences into En glish, using the words give nin the brackets.1. 我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。