副词： He that climbs high falls heavily. Actions speak louder than words. 介词短语： A reception will be held on New Year’s Eve. 不定式： To make a living, I need a job. To get a job, I need a Ph.D. While other men live to eat, I eat to live.
根据用途，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句 （一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、 反意疑问句）、祈使句和感叹句。
根据结构，句子可分为简单句、并列句和 复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓结构构成； 并列句是有两个或多个主谓结构并列而成， 每个主谓结构被称作一个分句，分句之间 不可以仅仅用逗号连接，需要用合适的并 列连词；复合句有一个主谓结构作主句， 另一个或多个主谓结构作从句（亦可能主 句不止一个，有两个或以上，称之为并列 复合句；所有从句必须有引导词）。
动名词
Men talk of killing time, while time quietly kills them. 宾语从句：
We must believe (that) we are gifted for something, and that this thing, at whatever cost, must be attained.
but rather what they miss.
定语
名词： winter vacation family tree energy crisis 代词： Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live. (马克吐温) 数词： One enemy is too much.
补语
宾语补足语： 名词： Let’s call a spade a spade. 形容词： Praise makes good men better and bad men worse. 副词： He always left the lights on.
介词短语： I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. (Bernard Shaw) 不定式： The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself. 分词： The teacher often caught him dozing off in class.
数词：
Three and eight make eleven. “the+形容词” We should show respect to the disabled. 不定式
We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault. Cease to struggle and you cease to live. 生命不息，奋斗不止。（托马斯卡莱尔）
aim, and the determination to attain it.
动名词： Love is primarily giving, not taking. 分词： Her attitude is satisfying. 表语从句： The tragedy of life is not what men suffer,
You can tell what people are like from the friends they choose.
表语
连系动词：be; look, sound, smell, taste, feel; become, turn, get, go, grow, fall; seem, appear; keep, stay, remain, etc.
状语
名词： When I was his age, I was at work day and night. The Olympic Games are held every four years. 部分代词： We all agree to your terms. (但是部分语法家把
作状语的代词认为是同位语)
不定式： I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. 动名词： He is going to deliver an opening speech. 分词： A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。 Words once spoken can never be recalled. 定语从句： The landscape belongs to the man who really looks at it.
the new museum every day.
谓语
谓语中必须有动词。 简单谓语：由单个动词或一个短语动词承担。 Energy and persistence conquer all things. 能量和毅力可以战胜一切。（富兰克林） Happiness consists in contentment. 幸福在于知足。
名词： What makes life dreary is the want of
motive. 代词： I’m not quite myself today.
数词：
His mother is almost eighty. 形容词：
Life is not fair; get used to it. Man is fond of counting his troubles, but
he doesn’t count his joys. 副词：
When age is in, wit is out.
介词短语： Life is like an onion: you peel and sometimes you weep. 不定式： The important thing in life is to have an
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. It is no use/no good+V-ing It is no use crying over spilt milk.
主语从句
What matters is our future development. It +is +表语/短的谓语+主语从句 It is said that thousands of visitors go to
主语
名词： The tongue is not made of steel, yet it cuts. 舌头不是钢，一动把人伤。 Art is a lie that tells the truth. 艺术是揭示真理的谎言。（毕加索） 代词： You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success. 你必须相信自己。这是成功的秘诀。（卓别林） Those who insult themselves will be insulted by others. 人必自侮而后人侮之。
形容词： 通常位于句首，表示原因。
Very tired, he fell asleep soon. Excited about the news, they cheered for a long time. 有时，形容词可位于句尾，表示结果或主语的状态；
有的人认为这种用法是主语补语。
They finally arrived home, safe and sound.
形容词： A good fame is better than a good face. An ill wound is cured, not an ill name. 副词： A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 介词短语： A friend without faults will never be found.
主语补足语： 含有宾补的句子变成被动之后，原来的宾语变成了 主语，那么原来的宾补就成为了主补。 表语是一种特殊的主补。 一些形容词在不及物动词之后描述主语的状态，也 被称作主补。 He died young. We stood still.
数词：
First come, first served. 先到先得。 “the+形容词” The rich are not always happier than the
poor.
不定式
To choose time is to save time. It +is 表语/短的谓语+to do sth/for sb to do sth It is the most important task for us students to learn all subjects well. 动名词
英语语法之句子成分
Ivan
英语语法可以分成两大块内容：词法和 句法。词法的研究内容包括词的构成和分 类以及各种词性的具体用法；而句法主要 研究句子的分类和构成以及各种句子结构 和句法特征。
词性：英语中共有十类词：名、代、数、 形、副、动、介、连、冠和感叹。
句子：英语中句子指的是表达一个完整意 义的至少由一个主谓结构构成的语言单位。
分词： Given another chance, I will do it better. United we stand; divided we fall. Being ill, he didn’t go to school that day. 状语从句： Where there is a will, there is a way. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?