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中考英语名词专项

名词名词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

1. 可数名词和不可数名词:【理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词】英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。

可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。

如:book-books;pen-pens;eraser-erasers2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。

如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。

如:baby-babies;country-countries;city-cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。

如:boy-boys;toy-toys4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。

如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。

如:photo-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos,tomato-tomatoes,potato -potatoes6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。

如:man/woman-men/women;child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:如:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,yuan(元),jin (斤)注意:有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。

当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。

常用的这类词有:class 班级;team 队(员);family 家庭/人;government 政府;group 组(员)The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。

(指家庭这个整体)The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。

(指家庭中的成员)Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。

2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。

如:The rich man has a lot of money.那个富人有很多钱。

There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

Is there any water in the glass?杯子里有一些水吗?I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。

2)用a piece of, a cup of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。

a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of breada bottle of orange ; a glass of water(milk); a cup of tea如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。

two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice3. 名词所有格【熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法】名词所有格是中考的重点。

名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。

1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“’s”。

如:This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。

2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“’s”形式。

如:Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。

如:Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。

I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。

注意:1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加“’s”,如:This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。

(两个人共同的父亲)如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加“’s”,如:These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.这些是李雷和李平的书。

(两个人各自所有)2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”;而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“’s”。

如:It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。

Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。

3)双重所有格:“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。

如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。

例如:Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。

I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。

【真题再现】1. The _____ often eat grass on the hill. 【2012湖北随州】A. chickenB. horseC. cowD. sheep2. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of ___________ from it. 【2012广西玉林】A. thingB. messageC. informationsD. information3. —What is your favorite food? 【2012广西玉林】—I like ______ best. I had a large bowl last night.A. potato noodleB. potatoes noodlesC. potato noodlesD. potatoes noodles4. A friend of my _______ and I are going to visit _______ next week. 【2012蚌埠】A. father; BrownsB. father’s; the BrownsC. father; the Browns.D. father’s; Browns5. This is ____________ computer. 【2012天水】A. Ann’s and TomB. Ann and Tom’sC. Ann and TomD. Ann’s and Tom’s6. -Where does your uncle work, Jack? 【2012温州】-In a ________ in Paris. He is a policeman.A. TV stationB. book storeC. post officeD. police station7. I like _________ best of all the vegetables. 【2012黔西南】A. potatoesB. tomatoC. breadD. rice【巩固练习】I. 单项选择。

1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well.A. an adviceB. many advicesC. some adviceD. some advices2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.A. mapB. pictureC. ticketD. information3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.A. horseB. cowC. rabbitD. sheep4. I don’t think looking after children is just work.A. womanB. woman’sC. womenD. women’s5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It’s about _______.A. forty minutes walkB. forty minute’s walkC. forty minutes’ walksD. forty minutes’ walk6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill.A. boyB. peopleC. girlD. student7. There is some _______ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears8. The______ has two _______ .A. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. boy; watchesD. boys; watch9. —They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?—Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes.A. leafsB. leavesC. appleD. banana11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are_______.A. women teachersB. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacherII. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。

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