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第一节 集合的概念与运算

限时规范训练(限时练·夯基练·提能练)A级基础夯实练1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)设集合A={x|x2-5x+6>0},B={x|x-1<0},则A∩B=() A.(-∞,1)B.(-2,1)C.(-3,-1) D.(3,+∞)解析:选A.A∩B={x|x2-5x+6>0}∩{x|x-1<0}={x|x<2或x>3}∩{x|x<1}={x|x<1}.故选A.2.(2019·浙江卷)已知全集U={-1,0,1,2,3},集合A={0,1,2},B={-1,0,1},则(∁U A)∩B=()A.{-1} B.{0,1}C.{-1,2,3} D.{-1,0,1,3}解析:选A.∵U={-1,0,1,2,3},A={0,1,2},∴∁U A={-1,3}.又∵B={-1,0,1},∴(∁U A)∩B={-1}.故选A.3.设集合M={x|x<4},集合N={x|x2-2x<0},则下列关系中正确的是()A.M∩N=M B.M∪(∁R N)=MC.N∪(∁R M)=R D.M∪N=M解析:选D.由题意可得,N=(0,2),M=(-∞,4),N⊆M所以M∪N=M.故选D.4.已知集合A={0},B={-1,0,1},若A⊆C⊆B,则符合条件的集合C的个数为() A.1 B.2C.4 D.8解析:选C.由题意得,含有元素0且是集合B的子集的集合有{0},{0,-1},{0,1},{0,-1,1},即符合条件的集合C共有4个.故选C.5.设全集U=R,集合A={x∈N|x2<6x},B={x∈N|3<x<8},则如图所示的阴影部分表示的集合是()A .{1,2,3,4,5}B .{1,2,3,6,7}C .{5,4}D .{4,5,6,7}解析:选B.因为A ={x ∈N|x 2<6x }={x ∈N|0<x <6}={1,2,3,4,5},B ={x ∈N|3<x <8}={4,5,6,7},所以图中阴影部分表示的集合是{1,2,3,6,7},故选B.6.集合A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ⎪⎪2x >1,B ={x |x 2+x -2>0},则A ∩(∁R B )=( )A .(0,2)B .(0,1]C .(0,1)D .[0,2]解析:选B.解法一:解不等式2x >1,得0<x <2,即A ={x |0<x <2}.解不等式x 2+x -2>0,得x <-2或x >1,即B ={x |x <-2或x >1},所以∁R B ={x |-2≤x ≤1},所以A ∩(∁R B )={x |0<x ≤1},故选B.解法二:取x =1,知1∈A ,1∈∁R B ,则1∈A ∩(∁R B ),排除C ;取x =32,则32∈A ,32∉(∁R B ),则32∉A ∩(∁R B ),排除A ,D ,选B.7.(2019·广州模拟)已知集合A ={4,a },B ={x ∈Z|x 2-5x +4≥0},若A ∩(∁Z B )≠∅,则实数a 的值为( )A .2B .3C .2或4D .2或3解析:选D.因为B ={x ∈Z|x 2-5x +4≥0},所以∁Z B ={x ∈Z|x 2-5x +4<0}={2,3},又集合A ={4,a },若A ∩(∁Z B )≠∅,则a =2或a =3,故选D.8.(2019·河北六校联考)已知全集U =R ,集合M ={x |x +2a ≥0},N ={x |log 2(x -1)<1},若集合M ∩(∁U N )={x |x =1或x ≥3},那么a 的取值为( )A .a =12B .a ≤12C .a =-12D .a ≥12解析:选C.∵log 2(x -1)<1,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -1>0,x -1<2,即1<x <3,则N ={x |1<x <3},∵U =R ,∴∁U N ={x |x ≤1或x ≥3},又∵M ={x |x +2a ≥0}={x |x ≥-2a },M ∩(∁U N )={x |x =1或x ≥3},∴-2a =1,解得a =-12.故选C.9.已知集合A ={1,2},B ={a ,a 2+3}.若A ∩B ={1},则实数a 的值为________.解析:∵B ={a ,a 2+3},A ∩B ={1}, ∴a =1或a 2+3=1,∵a ∈R ,∴a =1. 经检验,满足题意. 答案:110.(2019·汕头模拟)已知集合A ={1,2,3,4},集合B ={x |x ≤a ,a ∈R},A ∪B =(-∞,5],则a 的值是________.解析:因为集合A ={1,2,3,4},集合B ={x |x ≤a ,a ∈R},A ∪B =(-∞,5],所以a =5.答案:5B 级 能力提升练11.集合M ={x |2x 2-x -1<0},N ={x |2x +a >0},U =R.若M ∩(∁U N )=∅,则a 的取值范围是( )A .(1,+∞)B .[1,+∞)C .(-∞,1)D .(-∞,1]解析:选B.由集合M ={x |2x 2-x -1<0},N ={x |2x +a >0},可得M =⎝⎛⎭⎫-12,1,∁U N =⎝⎛⎦⎤-∞,-a 2.要使M ∩(∁U N )=∅,则-a 2≤-12,解得a ≥1,故选B. 12.(2019·西安三模)已知全集U ={x ∈N|-1≤x ≤9},集合A ={0,1,3,4},集合B ={y |y =2x ,x ∈A },则(∁U A )∩(∁U B )=( )A .{5,7}B .{-1,5,7,9}C .{5,7,9}D .{-1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}解析:选C.解法一:因为U ={x ∈N|-1≤x ≤9},所以U ={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.因为集合A ={0,1,3,4},集合B ={y |y =2x ,x ∈A },所以B ={0,2,6,8}.所以∁U A ={2,5,6,7,8,9},∁U B ={1,3,4,5,7,9},所以(∁U A )∩(∁U B )={5,7,9},故选C.解法二:因为U ={x ∈N|-1≤x ≤9},所以U ={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.因为集合A ={0,1,3,4},集合B ={y |y =2x ,x ∈A },所以B ={0,2,6,8}.所以A ∪B ={0,1,2,3,4,6,8},所以(∁U A )∩(∁U B )=∁U (A ∪B )={5,7,9},故选C.13.(2019·杭州模拟)已知集合A ={0,1,2m },B ={x |1<22-x <4},若A ∩B ={1,2m },则实数m 的取值范围是( )A.⎝⎛⎭⎫0,12 B .⎝⎛⎭⎫12,1 C.⎝⎛⎭⎫0,12∪⎝⎛⎭⎫12,1 D .(0,1)解析:选C.因为B ={x |1<22-x <4},所以B ={x |0<2-x <2}={x |0<x <2}.观察选项,取m =14,则A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫0,1,12,因为B ={x |0<x <2},所以A ∩B =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1,12,所以m =14符合题意,排除B ;取m =12,则A ={0,1,1},这与集合中元素的互异性相矛盾,所以m ≠12,排除D ;取m =34,则A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫0,1,32,因为B ={x |0<x <2},所以A ∩B =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1,32,所以m =34符合题意,排除A.故选C.14.已知集合A ={x |-1<x <3},B ={x |-m <x <m },若B ⊆A ,则m 的取值范围为________. 解析:当m ≤0时,B =∅,显然B ⊆A . 当m >0时,∵A ={x |-1<x <3}.当B ⊆A 时,在数轴上标出两集合,如图,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-m ≥-1,m ≤3,-m <m .∴0<m ≤1. 综上所述m 的取值范围为(-∞,1]. 答案:(-∞,1]C 级 素养加强练15.对于非空数集A ={a 1,a 2,a 3,…,a n }(n ∈N *),其所有元素的算术平均数记为E (A ),即E (A )=a 1+a 2+a 3+…+a nn.若非空数集B 满足下列两个条件:①B ⊆A ;②E (B )=E (A ).则称B 为A 的一个“保均值子集”.据此,集合{1,2,3,4,5}的“保均值子集”有( )A .4个B .5个C .6个D .7个解析:选D.因为集合{1,2,3,4,5}中所有元素的算术平均数E (A )=1+2+3+4+55=3,所以由新定义可知,只需找到其非空子集B 满足E (B )=3即可.据此分析易知,集合{1,2,3,4,5},{1,2,4,5},{1,3,5},{2,3,4},{1,5},{2,4},{3}都符合要求.故集合{1,2,3,4,5}的“保均值子集”有7个.故选D.16.(2019·苏州模拟)设A ,B 是非空集合,定义A ⊗B ={x |x ∈(A ∪B )且x ∉(A ∩B )}.已知集合A ={x |0<x <2},B ={y |y ≥0},则A ⊗B =________.解析:由已知A ={x |0<x <2},B ={y |y ≥0},又由新定义A ⊗B ={x |x ∈(A ∪B )且x ∉(A ∩B )},结合数轴得A ⊗B ={0}∪[2,+∞).答案:{0}∪[2,+∞)17.当两个集合中一个集合为另一个集合的子集时,称这两个集合构成“全食”,当两个集合有公共元素,但互不为对方子集时,称这两个集合构成“偏食”.对于集合A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫-1,12,1,B ={x |ax 2=1,a ≥0},若A 与B 构成“全食”或构成“偏食”,则a 的取值集合为________.解析:当a =0时,B 为空集,满足B ⊆A ,此时A 与B 构成“全食”;当a >0时,B =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1a ,-1a ,由题意知1a =1或1a =12,解得a =1或a =4.故a 的取值集合为{0,1,4}.答案:{0,1,4}。

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