The introduction presents first, with all possible clarity, the nature and scope of the problem investigated. 2, it briefly reviews the pertinent literature to orient the reader. 3, it states the method of the investigation and the reasons for the choice of a particular method. 4, it states the principal results of the investigation. 5, it states the principal conclusions suggested by the results, which lets the reader follow the development of the evidence.
The introduction is to introduce the paper. Thus, the first item mentioned above (definition of the problem) is the cardinal one. And, obviously, if the problem is not stated in a reasonable, understandable way, readers will have no interest in the solution. Presenting the problem in a meaningful way can impress readers with the brilliance of the solution after readers laboring through the paper. The literature review and choice of method presented in such a way make the reader understand what the problem was and how to resolve it. The statement of principal results and conclusions plays the role of the capstone in the instruction. This road map from problem to solution is so important that a bit of redundancy with the abstract is often desirable.
The introduction has a “funnel”shape, moving from broad and general to narrow and specific. In the introduction it begins with information on the importance of the overall topic, then identifies an unresolved question about that aspect, and finally says how the current research addressed the question. An introduction structured like this provides a helpful and hospitable welcome.
The paper may well be read by people outside the narrow specialty, therefore, the introduction defines some specialized terms or abbreviations.。