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高考英语复合词和构词法分析

高考英语复合词和构词法分析英语复合词和构词法复合形容词first-class, full-time, part-time, second-hand, bare-footgood-looking, free-thinking, hard-working ready-made复合名词horseback , newspaper, cell-phoneback-yard, forehead , greenhouse, blackboard副词+现在分词 hard-working, far-seeing ,far-reaching, well-meaning副词+过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known数词+名词 five-year,数词+名词+形容词five-year-old, six-inch-tall 数词+名词-edfour-legged, six-storied,two-faced, four-corneredhiding-place, reading-roomget-off, break-in, breakdown, breakup output, overflowpickpocket ,overcoat, inlandhe-goat, she-wolfeditor-in-chief, father-in-law方式例词名词+名词horseback , newspaper, cell-phone形容词+名词back-yard, forehead, greenhouse, blackboard动名词+名词hiding-place, reading-room动词+副词get-off, break-in, breakdown, breakup副词+动词output, overflow动词+名词pickpocket ,副词+名overcoat, inland词代词+名词he-goat, she-wolf名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief, father-in-law其他复合名词方式例词复合动词名词+动词day-dream,sun-bathe 副词+动词overcome, outgrow 形容词+动词white-wash复合副词名词+名词sideways名词+副词headfirst形容词+名词meanwhile 介词+名词beforehand复合代词宾格或物主代词+ selfhimself, ourselves代词(selves)某些不定代词+ body (one,thing)everyone (everybody,everything), nobody (no one,nothing)转化法名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone 电话→打电话slow 慢的→放慢front前面→前面的down 向下→击倒hand手→ 交给warm 暖的→使温暖black 黑色→黑色的back向后→后退record 录音→记录empty 空的→倒空noble 贵族→高贵的up 向上→提高date 日期→ 定日期better 较好→ 改善key 钥匙→关键的name 名字→ 命名cool 凉爽→使冷face 脸→面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink 喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美的chief 主要的→首领the wounded受伤的人们study 学习→书房fit 适合→ 适合的first 第一的→ 第一个the blind盲人们look at → have a look atwrong 错误的→ 错误thebeautiful美丽的东西前后缀前缀意义用法例词un- 不,未(=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy, unnecessary,unexpected, unusual, ,相反动作加在动词前uncover, untie,unlock, undressin- ,il- im-,ir- 不,非,无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前incomplete,impossible. impolite,irregular, inability,dis- 表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱表示相反加在动词前dislike, disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,排出dismiss解雇mis- 表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake, misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解前缀意用法例义词re- 表示:再一次,重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)renew,续借reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore- 表示:时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(= before)foresee,foreleg,foretell预言,foreknow预卜pre- 表示:在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before, infront, inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost- 表示:时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(= after,behind)post-war,post-graduatea- 表示:在之上,加在动词或名词前,构成派生形容asleep, along,aloud, , alive,向,在里词、副词或介词acrossco- 表示:联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerinter- 表示:“互相”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(= between,among)interchange,internationalmid- 表示:中间加在名词前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper- 表示:高级、在之上加在名词前(= above, over,upon)superpower,超级大国,superstructure上层建筑表示人和物的前后缀后缀意义用法例词表示人-er 从事…职业的人,做…的人,…地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher,workerlearner,-or 与-er同义外来后缀,加在外来词上visitor,conductoreducator,translator -eer 从事于...的人用于外来词engineer,volunteermountaineer-ess女...的加于名词后,表示阴性actress,waitress-ician ...(专)家,...工作者加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上physician,politicianmusician-ist 从事...职业的人,从事某种...文艺、学术加在名词上,或–ize 结尾的动词上,或以-al结尾artist,socialistcommunistphysicist的人,...主义者的其它词上表示物-er 表示从事某工作的物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer,洗衣机-or 表示从事某工作的物加在动词上conductor,导体,形容词后缀后缀意义用法例词-able 可/能…的加在名词或及物动词后valuable, horrible,-al 有... 性质的加在名词后natural,technical,actual-ant, -ent ...的加在外来动词词干上important,pleasant,excellent-ic, -ical ...性质的,与...有关的加在外来词干的名词上atomic原子,electric,电动basic基本的-ish 稍带...的,... 气的,...民族的,... 语的加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上feverish,childish,bookish书呆子English,Spanish-ive 有...倾向的/性质的加在动词上instructive,教育性 expensive-ful 充满...的,引起... 的加在名词或少数名词上thankful,powerful,tearful-less 无/不...的,不能...的加在名词或动词上homeless,harmless,wireless-ous 充满...的,有...特性的加在名词上dangerous,famous, nervous-y 有/多...的,想...的加在名词上cloudy, sunny,funny, sleepy-ed 有...的,有...特征的加在名词或动词上tired,interested,learned博学-en 由...构(制)成的加在物质名词上wooden,earthen, woolen-ern ...方的加在表示方位的名词上eastern, western, southern-ly 有...性质的,...形状的加在名词或形容词上yearly, daily,orderly, lively动词后缀动词后缀意义用法例词-ate 表示:使成为,成为...,处理,使化合见于外来词,由外来词根组成,不能活用educate, translate,imitate, calculate,operate, hesitate,-en 表示:变为,使为,变为有,使有加在形容词上,有时加在名词上,通常构成及物动词darken, weaken, deepen,sharpen, frighten,strengthen-fy 表示:使成为,使...化加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify, uglify,satisfy, terrify,electrify, purify-ish 表示:使...,令... 大多是从法语输入的词,不能构成新词finish, accomplish,punish, publish,astonish-ize -ize 表示:使成,变成,...化加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize, democratize民主化revolutionize,realize, sympathize。

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