初中英语常用句型归纳1、be+表语(形容词、名词、介词短语、副词)The flower is red.(adj)He is a worker.(n.)They were at home.(prep.)She is out.(adv.)※从上例可以看出,表语主要在系动词be之后,它与系动词be 共同构成句子的谓语。
除系动词be外,还有其它几个常用的表示状态及变化的系动词,如feel/smell/taste/turn/get/become/look/grow等。
Tom felt tired.Her face turns red.I became a teacher last year.It is getting longer and longer.They look the same.She grows old.2、---Ca n’t you see?难道你看不见吗?---No,I ca n′t.是的,我看不见。
※用情态动词(can/may/must)、系动词be、助动词(do/does/did)等的否定式开头的疑问句叫否定疑问句。
表示惊奇、反问以及看法、建议等,有“难道不……?”之意。
在回答这种问句时要注意,如果回答是肯定的,就用yes,否定的就用no.这和汉语习惯不同。
在否定疑问句中,not也可放在主语后面。
但若位于主语前,须与系动词或助动词构成缩略式。
---Didn’t you go there?难道你没去哪儿?---Yes,I did.不,我去了。
Aren’t you a student?3、There be与have当“有”讲※(1)There be+某人/物+某时/地。
表示“某处有某任某物” be 的单复数与后面的“某任物”一致。
There is a book on the desk.There are a pen and two knife in the pencil-box.There be后面的主语若不是一个,be的单复数要和最近的一个一致。
也可与并列的主语保持一致。
There are two knives and a pen in the pencil-box.(2)have 强调人所有。
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用has.He has a new house.4、a. have not和don’t haveb. Have you…?和Do you have…?※(1)have 作为行为动词“有”讲时,否定式为have/has+not,疑问式为have you /has you…?也可加助动词do/does.I have not(=haven’t) a brother.Has he any water?They don’t have any water.(2)have除了当有讲外,还有其他很多意思,如“吃”“饮”“得“允许”“遭受”等。
这时的have是行为动词。
否定式为don’t/dosen’t 到”have,疑问式为Do you have…?Dose he/she/it have…?I have my supper at eight.I don’t have my supper at eight.Do have you supper at eight?(3)have可以和许多名词搭配,构成短语。
Have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,have a rest,have a look,have a walk/swim/drink/cold.5、---Do you want a red one or the blue one?---The blue one,please?※选择疑问句不能用yes/no来回答。
---Shall I come or shall we meet at the stop?---Let’s meet at the stop.6、a.---You’re a teacher,aren’t you?---No,I am not.B.---You don’t like the story,do you?---Yes,I do.※(1)反意疑问句提出问题,询问对方意见,一般由两部分构成;前一部分用陈述形式,后一部分为一个简单的问句。
一般说来,有“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”的形式。
(2)对于“前否后肯”的反意疑问句,其回答方式与否定疑问句的应答一致。
如果回答是肯定的就用yes,否定的就用no。
He didn’t come,did he?他没来,对不对?No,he didn’t.是的,他没来。
(3)反意疑问句特例:a.I am late,aren’t I?b.He has little water,does he?c.Let’s go home,shall we?d.Let us look at your book,will you?e.Open/don’t close the door,will you?f.He must be in the room,isn’t he?(推测)g.We must go now,mustn’t we?(必须)h.Everyone is here,aren’t they?i.One should try one’s best,shouldn’t one/he?j.Everything is all ready,isn’t it?k.You’d better go,hadn’t you?l.I think she is right, isn’t she?m.He says she is right,doesn’t he?(4)反意问句前有hardly/few/little/never/no/nobody, /nothing等否定词时,后面用肯定形式。
(5)主语是everyone/anyone/somebody/no one等不定代词时,多用they替代。
(6)主语是everything/something/nothing时,要用it代替。
7、a.What+a/an+adj.+单数可数n.+主语+谓语!b.What +adj.+复数可数n./不可数n.+主语+谓语!c.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!d.How+主语+谓语!※感叹句以what和how引导,常用来表示说话时的惊奇、喜悦、气愤等情绪。
what用来修饰名词,how用来修饰形容词。
What a lovely boy(he is)!How lovely the boy is!What beautiful flowers!How time flies!8、It’s time to do sth与It’s time for sth※这两个句型都表示“到了该做什么事的时候了”。
It’s time to have supper.=It’s time for supper.9、a.It took sb.some time to do sth.b.sb.spent+钱/一段时间+on/(in doing)sth.c.sth cost +sb +钱。
※(1)句型a表示“某人花多少时间去干某事”。
It took me 3 hours to go there.(2)句型b表示“某人做某事花费多少钱或多少时间”。
I spent 3 hours (in) going there.He spent$3 on that book.(3)句型c表示“某物花某人多少钱”。
That book cost me $3.10、a.It is/was +adj./n.+to do sth.b.主语+谓语+it+ adj.+to do sth.※a. It做形式主,b. it做形式宾语。
真正的主语或宾语为后面的不定式短语。
It is important to study hard.I think it difficult to see in the dark.11、a.it is +adj.+for + to do sth.b.it is +adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.c.it is +adj.+that+从句。
※这三个句型中it为形式主语。
如果sb.与adj.有逻辑上的主谓关系,就用of,反之用for。
It is possible for you to do that.You 与possible不能构成主谓结构.故用for.类似的有:difficult/important/easy/necessary/dangerous/hard/interes ting.It is kind of you to do so.You与kind可构成主谓结构,故用of.类似的形容词有:polite/wise/foolish/clever/good/honest/nice/rude/brave.此句型可改为用sb.作主语的句子:You are kind of to do so.名型c.一般适用于下述几个单词:true/clear/certain.It is true that he is angry with her.12、sb.+be+形容词+to do sth.+that+从句。
※此句型用人做主语,后常跟随表达人的感情、能力等的形容词。
如:angry/pleased/glad/happy/sure/surprised/afraid.注意此句型一般不可改成“It is +形容词+that…”或“It is+adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.的句型。
I’m glad to see you.I’m angry to hear that.※be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事Be afraid doing sth.担心会发生。
=be afraid that从句。
13、a.too…to…太······以致不能······b.(not) enough…to…足够······(不能)去做······c.so+adj./adv.+thatd.such+a/an+单数可数名词/复数名词+that※(1)句型a能把两个简单句合并为一个简单句。
too是副词,后接形容词或副词,不可接名词。
to是不定式符号,后接动词原形。
We are very tired.We can’t go.---We are too tired to go.(2)too…to…是个否定结构,如果在前面加上not或never就成为肯定结构:不太〃〃〃〃〃〃以致能〃〃〃〃〃〃It’s never too old to learn.活到老学到老。