很有用的金融词汇按现行汇率计算calculated at the current exchange rate保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定maintain the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level 保函letter of guarantee保理factoring本外币利差interest rate spread between RMB and foreign currencies避免（经济增长的）大起大落avoid a roller coaster (in economic growth)拨备覆盖率the provisioning coverage rates不良贷款non-performing loans不良贷款比率NPL(non-performing loans) ratios不良贷款拨备覆盖率NPL provisioning coverage ratios(银行)不良资产(banks’) non-performing/bad assets财务重组financial restructuring超额准备金率the excess reserve ratio城市商业银行city commercial banks城乡居民储蓄存款urban and rural saving deposits城镇居民人均可支配收入per capita disposable income of urban residents城镇居民人均消费支出per capita living expenditure of urban residents出厂价格ex-factory price窗口指导window guidance创业板Growth Enterprise Market Board次级债subordinated bonds存贷款基准利率the benchmark interest rates for deposit and lending存贷款利率deposit and loan interest rates存款利率，一年期interest rate of saving deposits (S.D.) (one year)贷款利率，一年期interest rate of one year loans独立董事independent directors短期流动性short-term liquidity短期外债short-term debt发行利率the issuing rate法定存款准备金率required reserve ratio反洗钱anti-money laundering防范和化解金融风险prevent and defuse financial risks房地产信贷housing credit非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions分拆上市，整体上市go public by spin-offs or as a whole风险管理risk management公开市场操作open market operations公司治理corporate governance股份制商业银行joint stock commercial bank固定资产投资Fixed Assets Investment (FAI)广义货币供应量broad money supply (M2)国际收支平衡the balance of international payments国际收支“双顺差”balance of payments recorded dual surplus both under current account and capital account国家开发银行state development bank国有独资商业银行股份制改革试点the pilot joint-stock reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks国有独资银行wholly state-owned banks国债state treasury bonds国债收盘指数the treasury bonds index合格境外机构投资者qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII)宏观调控macro-control(measures)/macroeconomic regulation/macroeconomic adjustment货币供应量money supply货币政策工具monetary policy instruments基础货币base money基金管理公司fund management companies“急刹车” a sudden step on the brake记账式国债book-entry treasury bonds加息２７个百分点raise the interest rate by 27 basis points间接调控机制the indirect management mechanism交易所国债回购treasury bond repo via stock exchanges节能省地住宅energy-efficient, land-saving buildings借款人的资信creditworthiness of a borrower金融机构不良贷款比率the ratio of non-performing loans for all financial institutions金融机构各项存款余额saving deposits of financial institutions金融机构各项贷款余额loans of financial institutions金融生态环境financial ecology金融运行banking and financial operations经常项目(under) current account经常项目赤字current account deficit经国务院批准核销企业银行呆坏账State Council-sanctioned cancellation of bad bank loans to enterprises经审计的资产负债表audited balance sheet净误差遗漏项目net errors and omissions境内上市外资股the B-Shares居民储蓄存款household savings deposits居民消费价格指数consumer price index（CPI）利率市场化改革market-based interest rate reform流通中现金（M0）cash in circulation (M0)/currency in circulation (M0)煤电价格联动link the electricity price fluctuation with the coal price changes 美联储 US Federal Reserve内部控制 internal controls农村居民人均生活消费现金支出per capita living expenditure in cash of rural residents农村居民人均现金收入 per capita cash income of rural residents 农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives欧元区 the euro zone票据市场 bills market凭证式国债bearer’s treasury bonds汽车金融公司 auto financing firms全部金融机构贷款余额outstanding loans for all financial institutions全部金融机构人民币贷款RMB loans issued by all financial institutions全国金融工作会议 National Financial Work Conference人民币汇率 the RMB exchange rate人民币汇率形成机制 the RMB exchange rate formation system人民币可兑换 RMB convertibility人民币业务local currency business上市中资金融机构流通股publicly-traded shares of listed Chinese financial institutions社会信用体系 a social credibility system生产资料价格指数Producer Price Index (PPI)市场准入market access试点银行pilot banks首付initial payment/down payment授信余额the outstanding balance of loans所有者权益owners' equity贴息贷款soft loans (loans with interest discount)通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation头寸lending used for adjusting position投融资investment and financing推进利率市场化leave interest rates to market forces外部独立董事independent external director外部监管external supervision外汇管理体制改革foreign exchange administration reform外汇占款base money as a result of foreign exchange purchase in the market 外债余额external debt完全可兑换(make the RMB) fully convertible问责制defined system of accountabilityCPI 环比chain CPI growth over the previous month系统性金融风险systemic financial risks狭义货币供应量narrow money supply (M1)现代公司治理结构modern corporate governance structure现金投放money put into circulation央行票据central bank bills银行承兑汇票bank acceptance银行间市场质押式债券inter-bank bond pledge repo market银行间同业拆借市场the inter-bank borrowing market银行间债券回购市场bond repo transactions in the inter-bank market月供monthly payment月加权平均利率the monthly-weighted average interest rates 再贷款benchmark lending再贴现利率the re-discount rate债券市场bond market战略投资者strategic investor政策金融债policy financial bonds政策银行policy banks中国货币政策报告China monetary policy report中国债券总指数The China Securities Index中央汇金投资有限责任公司Central Huijin Co. Ltd.助学贷款student loans注资re-capitalization资本充足率capital adequacy ratio资本和金融项目(under) capital and financial account资本市场capital market资本市场上市going public in capital market资产管理公司asset management corporations资产证券化asset securitization自营性个人住房贷款private housing loan做市商market maker system。