⏹TIME. The parties agree that [specify, e.g., time is of the essence or timely

performance of this Agreement is important, provided that if a party fails to perform on time, the parties will strive to renegotiate the terms]. 时间。双方同意[时间是本质或及时履行本协议是很重要的，如果一方不能遵守时间，双方将进行条款重新谈判]。

⏹CONDITIONS PERCEDENT. This Agreement is subject to [specify, e.g., the

issuance of an import license to the Buyer by the appropriate agency of (country) government and the issuance of an export license to the Seller by the appropriate agency of (country) government]. 先决条件。此协议服从于[如：有关（国家）政府给买方颁发的进口许可证和有关（国家）政府给卖方颁发的出口许可证].

解释：先决条件（precondition）普遍采用于英文合同版本当中，我国日常合同当中采用的不多。这可能是源于我国合同法并无明确规定先决条件条款，而是采取同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权和先履行抗辩权“三国鼎立”，因此实践当中制定先决条件条款的并不多见。

其实，先决条件的法律性质含义较广、较灵活，根据它设计的内容不同，既可以单指同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权和先履行抗辩权三种权利其中之一，也可能包括了二者或全部。由于先决条件是指仅当特定的条件成就后，合同一方才履行特定行为如交割、付款等。这个条款通常用作保护处于优势地位一方明确己方的权利和对方义务关系时候使用。具体作用有二：

一是标准，约定明确的判断标准，作为一方承担义务和另一方行使权利的依据；

二是保护，即保护一方当事人尤其是优势方当事人的合同利益，免受另一方拒不履行或迟延履行而带来的损害。

相关举例：

(1)After friendly consultations conducted in accordance with the principles of equalit

y and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to [describe subject matter of the Co ntract] in accordance with Applicable laws and the provisions of this Contract.

双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照［相关法律名称］以及其他有关法律，同意按照本合同的条款，［描述合同标的］。

⏹RIGHT TO CANCEL. The Buyer has a right to cancel this Agreement if the

Seller fails [specify, e.g., to ship all or any of the Goods on time]. The Seller has a right to cancel this Agreement if the Buyer fails [specify, e.g., to make any payment required by this Agreement within (number) days of its due date]. If either party notifies the other party that it will not or is unable, to perform this Agreement, the partyreceiving notice is entitled to cancel the Agreement. To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to the other party that the Agreement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of nonperformance. 撤销的权利。如果卖方不能准时装运货物，买方有权撤销协

议。如果买方不能在[几]天内付款，卖方有权撤销协议。如果任何一方通知另一方不想或不能履行协议，接到通知的一方有权撤消合同。为了使撤销有效，撤销的一方应通知另一方协议已撤销。撤销的日期是收到不履行协议通知的日期。撤消的日期是收到不履行协议通知的日期。

FORCE MAJEURE. This agreement will be deemed canceled, and neither party will have any liability to the other for losses resulting from nonperformance, if delivery is prevented by causes beyond the control of the Seller. Such causes include, but are not limited to, acts of nature, labor disputes, failure of essential means of transportation, or changes in policy with respect to exports or imports by the [country] government or the [country] government. 不可抗力。如果由于天灾、劳资纠纷、缺乏基本的运输方式、政府进出口政策的变化及其它卖方无力控制的原因所造成的无法交货，协议被撤销，任何一方无需为不履行协议承担责任。

解释：不可抗力条款是指合同中订明如当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的全部或部分义务的，免除其全部或部分的责任。另一方当事人不得对此要求损害赔偿。因此，不可抗力条款是一种免责条款。

不可抗力条款是规定在合同订立后发生当事人在订合同时不能预见、不能避免、不可控制的意外事故，以致不能履行合同或不能如期履行合同时，遭受不可抗力的一方可以免除履行合同的责任的条款。

这里补充说明不可抗力的法律后果与结果：依1980年《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，遭受不可抗力的一方可解除合同或延迟履行而不承担责任。只有在不可抗力因素与当事人的过失同时存在的情况下，当事人才承担相应的赔偿责任。遭受不可抗力后合同的结果主要为下列：

①解除合同。一般来说，如果不可抗力事故使合同的履行成为不可能，则可解除合同。如在买卖特种粮食的交易中，该特种粮食的产地因水灾而失收，在这种情况下，可以解除合同。

②延迟履行。如不可抗力只是暂时阻碍合同的履行，则只能延迟履行。例如，由于不可抗力使交通受阻，可能延迟履行，等通车后再履行。

不可抗力条款的表述方法还有：

(1)The Sellers shall not be held responsible for late delivery or nondelivery of the

goods owing to the generally recognized “Force Majeure” causes. However, in such cases, the Sellers shall telegraph the Buyers a certificate of the occurrence issued by the government authorities or the Chamber of Commerce at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof. 因公认的不可抗力造成的延迟发货或不能发货，卖方不承担责任。但此种情况下，卖方应通过电报形式寄送买方事故发生地政府部门或商会颁发的事故发生证明作为所发生事件的证据。

(2)Neither seller nor buyer shall be liable in damages or otherwise for any failure or

delay in performance of any obligation hereunder other than obligation to make payment, where such failure or delays is caused by force majeure, being any event, occurrence of circumstance reasonably beyond the contral of that party,