英语句子成分1．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物，是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终止系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.We will make them happy.I’ll have my bike repaired.2）．主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.6．定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
He is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或者句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋谓语(不及物动词vi)She came．My head aches.2.主语＋谓语（及物动词vt）＋宾语She likes English.3. 主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补She makes her mother angry．6. There be 句型There are 60 students in our class.There are 5 people in my family.练习：划分以下句子成分并判断是什么句型。
1. Our school is not far from my home.2. All of us considered him honest.3. My grandfather bought me a new computer.4. I feel better now.5. Tees turn green when spring comes.6. They pushed the door open.7. He will come here tomorrow.8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.9. He asked us to sing an English song.10. We will make our school more beautiful.11. The food goes bad now.12. He seems sad.13. My brothers are doctors.14. They don’t know what to say.15. You should study hard.16. There are many things to do.语法填空解题技巧1．纯空格试题(无括号提示)(1)缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)；(2)名词前面，若没有限定词，一般填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some, any, other, another等限定词；(3)在句子不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词；(4)若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词；(5)若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；(6)若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)；(7)在冠词后，一定是名词或one(s), other(s)等代词。
2. 给出了动词的试题，（1）看有没有固定搭配、位于介词之后、词性转换等。
（2）判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
a. 若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；b. 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是谓动词，就要考虑时态语态；是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式.3. 词类转换题，根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式：(1)作表语、定语或补语，用形容词形式；(2)作主语或宾语，用名词形式；(3)冠词或形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式；(4)作状语，用副词形式。
4. 词义转换题，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。
一、代词(语法填空中缺乏主语或宾语时，填代词)人称代词，物主代词，反身代词练习：（一）1. Your clothes are on the desk.Please put _________ away.2. _________ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _.3. _________ can't get my kite.Could you help _________?4. Tom can't get down from the tree. Can you help _________?5. Her kite is broken. Can you mend(修理) ?6. We can't find our bikes. Can you help ？7. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please.8. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please.9._____ is a boy. _____ name is Mike. Mike's friends like _____ very much.10. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy.11.John and I are in the same school. ________go to school together.12. She is a friend of ________ . We knew each other two years ago.13. I have many friends. Some of ________are good at English.14. We can’t find our shoes. Can you help ___________?15. We enjoyed at the party last night.16. You should relax sometimes.（二）1、At last he carried to the bank. She was saved!2、…I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_________.3、The little boy pulled__________ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.4、the driver did best to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students.6. We should choose those people with a good character as friends…7、In short, if you make preparations before hand and takeprecautions(预防措施) during the fire, chances are that ______ will survive in case of a fire if it really breaks out some day.8、Cultural relics are a part of history, and represent people’s cultural treasures. Therefore, it is important for us to protect ______.初中英语词汇分类1.旅游和交通:动词：leave离开，arrive 到达，get to 到达，get on 上车，get off 下车，fly 飞行，drive开车carry携带，搬运；stay停留；暂住；逗留；呆，visit参观；访问walk 走路，散步，cost 花费，spend 花费，度过take (photos) 拍照，live居住，go shopping购物，buy 买eat (breakfast/ lunch/ dinner) 吃早、午，晚餐sleep 睡觉wake up 醒来名词：journey 旅行,旅程，travel（长途）旅行, trip旅行；行程visitor 参观者；访问者flight航班way道路；路线, license执照；许可证map地图capital 首都center中心，中央city 城市countryside乡下；农村palace宫殿east东；东方（的）north北；北方（的）south南；南方（的）west西；西方（的）front前部；前面middle中间；当中boat 小船bus公共汽车car小汽车train火车plane飞机ship船；轮船spaceship太空船taxi出租车truck卡车underground地铁meter米；公尺kilometer公里；千米driver 司机，passenger乘客；旅客,safety安全speed速度, accident 事故；意外的事,形容词：comfortable舒适的tired 累的nice令人愉快的；美好的happy 高兴的sad 伤心的excited 激动的，兴奋的dangerous危险的far远的fast快的；迅速的heavy重的long（指距离）长；远；（指时间）长wide宽阔的opposite相反的；对面的left左边right右；右边的；正确的straight直的；一直的whole整个的---wholly adv.。