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新目标八年级英语上册第9单元知识点-总结

Unit9Canyoucome to my party?话题:Invitations教学目标:1. Learn how to make, accept, decline invitation.2. Talk about obligations with“have to”3. Talk abouttheschedule.教学重难点:情态动词Can的用法知识点:1.情态动词can情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成复合谓语,没有人称和数的变化情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有:can(could), may(might), must,need, ought to,dare (dared),s hall (should),will (would)can是一个常见的情态动词错误!含义5点1)表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意为“能、会”Canyouspeak Chinese?Can you playbasketball?2)表示请求或者允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以、能”等客观条件的允许。

用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句中表示不允许。

Can you help me?You can’t playthe computer3)表示可能,理论上的可能He can beout now.It can’tbu sunny allthetime.4)表示说话人的猜测、怀疑、不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句中,带哟感情色彩。

How canyo be sorude!Can he beback?5)could可以作为can的过去式,也可以在提出请求时表示委婉。

Hecouldsavethe little boy.Could you help me?拓展辨析can与may 4点1)表示“许可、准许”,此时与can同义,可以互换使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening.☆注意:表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃,因此一般用Yes, please. /Certainly./Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。

拒绝对方时,其答语可以用No,you mustn’t./No,you can’t./ Sorry,youcan’t. /No, pleasedon’t--MayI come in?--Yes,please--May I use your ruler?--Certainly.Here you are.2)表示可能性时,常用在肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”Hemay bevery busy now.He said that she might notbe at worktoday.3)can和may都可以表示推测。

can通常用在否定句和疑问句中,may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。

虽然两者都可以用于否定句,但是程度不同,can’t的语气比may not更强。

It can’tbe true.It may not be true.4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可以译为“祝愿”May you havea good time.Mayyou be happy.练习题1)—Would you liketo goswimming with me this afternoon?—I’d love to,but I’m afraid I _______.Ihavetoo much work to do.2)—________ I useyour dictionary?—Ofcourseyou can.3) —________Iknow your name?—Sure.My name is HanHuimei.4) Idon’t understand this sentence. ________youexplain it to me?5)—That sweater _______ be yours.—No,it_______bemine.Mineis over there.6) Jimleft his Englishbook at home. He_______ borrowonefrom other students.7)_______ you have a merry Christmas and happy New Year!8)—May Ipick aflower in thegarden?—No, you _______.2.must与have to表示义务,即必须或者不得不做的事表示“必须、一定要”,多强调说话人的主观看法,否定式mustn’t表示“一定不要,禁止”Youmust see the doctor.Must you go soon?对于must开头的一般疑问句,如果要做否定回答,可以用needn’t, don’t have to,不能用mustn’t--MustIcome overtonight?--No, you needn’t表示客观需要时,常用haveto, have to 为情态动词词组,第三人称单数为hasto.过去式为hadto.Haveto的疑问句,否定句都要借助于助动词do,does.did来完成。

Eg. He has to stay athome. 他不得不呆在家里。

Why doIhaveto do everything? 为什么事事都得我来干。

练习题1)You_______swim in thispart of the lake. It’s dangerous.2)—________ I tell him the truthright now?—No, you________. You can tell him aboutit later.3)---Do we mush finishour homework thisafternoon?---Yes, you______.A.must B.canC.may D.need4)我不必呆在这里。

___________________________________________________________________________5)杰克生病了,他不得不呆在家里。

3.prepare v.做好准备,把……准备好eg. My mother alwayspreparesa big breakfast for me every morning.妈妈每天早上总是为我准备一顿丰盛的早餐。

错误!为……做准备prepare for 为……做准备make preparations forgetready for……eg.Their teacher toldthem to prepare for the coming speech contest. The smiths are making preparations for this journey.○2准备去做epare to do sth. 准备去做……getready to doMake preparations to do错误!prepare sb.for 使某人为……而准备We must prepare him for the bad news.我们必须使他为这个坏消息做好准备。

错误!be preparedfor/to doThey are prepared foranything that might happen.他们已准备好了应对任何可能发生的事情。

○5preparation 准备,准备工作可数名词错误!be in preparation 正在准备中Her daughter’swedding is in preparation.她女儿的婚礼正在准备中。

4.so that以至于,以便于Eg.This littleboy savedeverycoin so that he couldbuy hismotherapresenton Mother’s Day.这个小男孩省下每一枚硬币,这样才能在母亲节那天给他的妈妈买份礼物。

1)辨析sothat 与so…thatso that 表示目的(多)表结果She worked hardso that everything wouldbe ready intime.so…that 表结果She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.2)so that 与inorderthat 都表示目的后加从句3)in orderto 与so as to 后加动词原形4)so…thatsuch…thatHe is so good astudent that we all like him.= Heis such a goodstudent that weall likehim.名前such 形副so 多多少少都用so5) so…that后从句用否定太……而不能too…to本身有否定not…enough to do形容词副词置于enough,前用not表否定5.by错误!表示时间,意为“不迟于,在……之前”Please hand in your homework by 6p.m.请在下午六点前交作业。

错误!表示方式,方法,手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或者动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”Don’tjudge a person byappearance.请不要以貌取人。

Ilearned thissong by listening to the radio.我通过听广播学了这首歌。

错误!表示交通路线或者工具,后接不用冠词的名词,意为“乘;坐;骑;”by bus/plane/train/taxi乘公交车/飞机/火车/出租车bybike骑自行车byland/sea/air 经陆路海陆空中路线错误!表示位置,意为“在……旁边”Theywentcamping bythe river. 他们去了河边露营。

6.refuse v. 拒绝eg.She refusedtheirinvitation.她拒绝了他们的邀请。

错误!refusesb./sth.拒绝某人/某事错误!refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事Irefuse toanswer thatquestion.错误!refuse 范围较广refuse a fact 不承认事实turn down把音量调低,拒绝对象通常是提案,建议decline谢绝;婉拒Shedeclined tohavedinner with h er friend.7.available adj.有空的,可获得的Eg.The doctor isnot availablenow.医生现在没空。

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