完成时专项练习一完成时态结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他二常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）,just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，so far, how long 提问的疑问句中.......He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?2.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.3.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.三完成时的时间状语当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。
如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。
若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
1.持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。
亦称终止性动词。
常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有3年了。
）不用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。
）不用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、go—be away2、come—be here3、come back—be back4、leave—be away（be not here）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——be dead8、begin——be on9、finish—be over10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know14、turn on—be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down—sit/beseated 17、join—be in（…）或be a…member18、become—be4.瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。
）四区别下面三组词Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Have been in 表示一直在某个地方五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,六现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语七现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。
如：1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ?A. hasn't sheB. has sheC. isn't sheD. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。
2.His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3.-Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents.A. hasB. hadC. didD. have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents 是复数,故选D。
二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。
如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework yet?A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. Did; finishD. Have; finished2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______A. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfedD. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。
如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to YunnanA. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。
3. I______a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receiveB. haven't gotC. didn't haveD. haven't heard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，B。