当前位置:文档之家› 第十一节 主谓一致讲解学习

第十一节 主谓一致讲解学习

第十一节主谓一致第十一节主谓一致谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致,称为主谓一致。

要做到主谓一致,除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化,还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。

要理解和遵循语法规则,但在理解的基础上又不完全局限于语法规则,在很多情况下,还要结合具体的语言环境加以判断。

在主谓一致这个问题上,必须明确的是:只有在谓语动词是现在时态或be动词的过去式的时候,主语才和它有数方面的一致关系。

一、主谓一致的基本原则主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致遵循三个基本原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。

1、语法一致语法一致指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数,这是主谓一致的三原则中最基本的原则。

如:She is a girl.她是女孩。

They are all girls.他们都是女孩。

2、意义一致意义一致指主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式,如:My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.7点钟的时候,我们全家在看电视。

My family has moved three times.我们家搬过三次。

The family were having dinner when I called.我去拜访的时候,那家人正在吃饭。

3、就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定,如:There is a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三支铅笔。

There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有两支钢笔,一本书和三支铅笔。

Either my sisters or my mother is coming.不是我姐姐就是我妈妈要来。

二、谓语动词只能用单数的8种情况1、非谓语动词或从句作主语不定式(to do或疑问词+to do)、动名词(doing)或主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。

如:When and where to build the new factory ________ not decided yet.A. isB. areC. hasD. have[分析]答案是A。

“疑问词+不定式”作主语,谓语动词用单数,此题又是被动语态。

2、复合不定代词作主语以some-,any-,every-,no-开头,以-thing, -body, -one结尾的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:Everything is going well.一切顺利。

3、以-s结尾的学科名、书名、国名作主语。

表示学科(如physics, politics, maths)、书名(如The Arabian Nights)、国名(如the United States, Wales, the United Nations)等以-s结尾的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

如:The United States has many different kinds of climate.美国的气候是各种各样的。

4、“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语“more than one+单数名词”和”many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过这部电影。

Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.许多坚强的人遇到这种困难都动摇了。

5、指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语指同一人或事物的A and B结构(如knife and fork刀叉,bread and butter黄油面包,a teacher and writer老师兼作家,fish and chips鱼和炸土豆片)作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

如:A worker and writer was present at the meeting.一位工人作家出席了会议。

Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.鱼和炸土豆片在英语是很受欢迎的膳食。

6、“one/each of+复数名词”作主语“one/each of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:--Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to go to university.--So do I.A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hoped[分析]答案是B。

“each of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

7、前后名词有every等修饰的并列结构作主语“every (no, each, many a)+单数名词+and+every (no, each, many a)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:Every desk and every chair in the classroom is new.教室里的每张桌椅都是新的。

8、在数学四则运算中在数学四则运算中,谓语动词一般用单数。

如:Three times six is eighteen. 3乘6得18。

Three and five equals eight. 3加5等于8。

三、谓语动词只能用复数的6种情况1、表示某国人的“the+国籍形容词”作主语表示某国人的总称的“the+表示某国的形容词”(如:the Chinese/ Japanese/ British/ English…)作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。

如:The Chinese have been making paper for 2,000 years.中国人造纸有两千多年了。

2、表示某一类人的“the+形容词”作主语表示某一类人的“the+形容词”(如:therich/poor/old/young/living/dead/weak/strong/blind/deaf/killed/injured/unemployed)作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。

如:The rich live while the poor die.富者生,穷者死。

3、表示不同人或事物的并列结构作主语表示不同人或事物的(both)A and B作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

4、“both/few…+复数名词”作主语“both/ few/ several/ many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Few words are best.少说话最好。

5、cattle/ people/ the police等作主语Cattle(牛)/people(人们,人民)/the police(警察之总称)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Cattle eat grass.牛吃草。

The police haven’t got a single lead yet.警察到现在还未获得一点线索。

6、某些本身以-s结尾的名词作主语The Olympic Games/ clothes/ goods(货物)/things(情况)/feelings(感情)/surroundings(环境)/belongings(财产)/earnings(薪水)/the Ural Mountains (乌拉尔山脉)/manners(礼貌)/congratulations等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Things were in terrible order.情况一团糟。

The Plympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations.奥运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始。

四、谓语动词可能用单数也可能用复数的17种情况1、“主语+介词短语等”作主语在“A+(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中,谓语动词的单复数与A 保持一致。

如:(1)The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting amuseum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be[分析]答案是A。

由语境判断谓语动词应用过去进行时,与The teacher 一致,应用单数形式。

(2)All the employees except the manager _________ to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged[分析]答案是D。

谓语要与All the emplyees一致,排除A和C;又因All the employees与encourage是被动关系,排除B。

2. neither…nor…等对称结构作主语Neither…nor…,(either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则;谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。

如:(1)Not only I but also Jane and Mary_________ tired of having oneexamination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be[分析]答案是B。

谓语动词应与其最接近的主语Jane and Mary保持一致。

(2)Either you or the headmaster_______ the prizes to these gifted students atthemeetingA. is handing outB. are ot hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out[分析]答案是D。

谓语动词应与the headmaster一致,排除B和C;根据语境应用将来时态,排除A。

相关主题