(2)延续性动词,即动作是持续性的,如read, watch, hear, walk, talk等。
①他在读一本故事书。
He ______________ a story book.②我们昨晚看了一场篮球赛。
We ________ a basketball match last night.3. 根据词义还有“使役动词”。
(1)表示“使,让,令,叫”意义的动词,如let, make, have, get, keep, leave 等。
1)let / make / have sb. do sth. 或者get sb. to do sth. :让某人去做某事2)let / make / have / get sth. done :让某事被做3)keep / leave sb. / sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事4)leave sb. to do sth. 留下/让某人去做某事①如果他回来,请告诉我。
If he comes back, please let me ________.②我昨天把头发剪了。
I had my hair _________ yesterday.③老师让Tom把作业本抱去办公室。
The teacher got Tom __________ (take) the exercisebooks to his office.④对不起让您久等了。
Sorry to keep you _________ for so long.⑤老师回办公室,留下学生自己做作业。
The teacher returned to his office and left the students _________ thehomework by themselves.(2)表示“使人......,令人......”的心理状态的动词,如:interest (令人......感兴趣), surprise (令人......感到惊讶), excite (令人......感到兴奋), move (令人......感动)等。
①这个故事让孩子们很感兴趣。
The story _____________ the children a lot.②这部电影让观众非常感动。
The film ____________ the viewers very much.4. 根据词义特点,实义动词还可分为静态动词和动态动词。
(1)静态动词有四类:1)存在和从属意义的词,如be(是), have(有), belong(属于)等;2)感观动词,如see, hear, smell, sound, feel等;3)心理状态和感情状态的词,如believe, want, expect, hope, wish, know,like, love, realize, understand等,4)接度量衡名词的动词(+数词+名词),如weigh(重), cost(值), cover(占...面积), measure(长宽高...)等。
静态动词表示静止状态,通常不用进行时。
如:①我们班有50名同学。
_____________ 50 students in our class.②他想现在见到你。
He ______________ you now.③这间屋长10米,宽8米。
The room _____________ 10 meters long and 8 meters wide.(2)动态动词如give, talk, run, take, do, go, come, leave等, 有进行时。
如:我们正在讨论周末计划。
We _______________ about the plan for the weekend.(二)连系动词连系动词是用来表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成复合谓语,例如:We are in Grade Seven this year. 今年我们在七年级。
句中的are是连系动词,意思是“是”, 必须跟in Grade Seven 一起构成谓语。
连系动词分为五类:1、表状态:常用be,表示主语的身份,状态,性质,有时翻译成“是”,常常不翻译。
这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。
例如:①他现在是个教师。
He _____ a teacher now.②两年前他是个士兵。
He ______ a soldier two years ago.③他离开三年了。
He _________________ for three years.2. 表持续或结果:keep, remain, stay(保持), prove(证明)。
①同学们保持安静。
The students ___________________.②大家请保持冷静。
Everyone, please __________________.③你的答案证明是对的。
Your answer __________________.3. 表感观:look(看起来), sound(听起来), feel(摸起来, 感觉起来), taste(品尝起来), smell(闻起来), 例如:①她看一去很疲劳。
She ________________.②我觉得不舒服。
I _____________.③棉花摸起来很软。
Cotton ________________.④这个故事听起来很有趣。
The story ______________________.⑤这些花闻起来很香。
The flowers _________________.4. 表表象:“似乎,看起来”,如look, seem, appear.①你看起来很累。
You ________________________.②这个答案似乎是对的。
The answer ______________________.③我们的老师显得很年轻。
Our teacher ____________________.5.表变化: become, get, grow, turn, go都解释为“变”, “变成”, “变得”,例如:①夏天食物容易变坏。
In summer, foods will ___________ easily.②多年以后,爱迪生成了一位科学家。
Years later, Edison ______________________③秋天来临,树叶要变黄。
When fall comes, the leaves _______________ (三)助动词助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语。
1.表示不同的时态、语态。
2.表示句子的否定和疑问。
① They don’t speak English well. 他们英语讲得不好。
句中的do是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
② A dog is running after a cat. 一条狗正在追逐一只猫。
句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
③ Have you finished your work?句中的have是助动词,与finished构成现在完成时,放句首构成疑问句。
助动词分为四类:1.句子谓语有实义动词,变疑问句或否定句时借助助动词do:在一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do;一般过去时都用did。
①他不知道去车站的路。
He ______________ the way to the station.②他昨天去上学了吗?_______________ to school yesterday?2.在进行时和被动语态中用助动词am, is, are, was, were。
①我们现在正在上课。
We _____________ class now.②那本书是昨天买的。
The book _______________ yesterday.3.在现在完成时中用助动词have, has;在过去完成时中用had。
①我们学英语三年了。
We ________________ English for three years.②他到达车站时火车已经开走了。
The train ___________ before he arrived the station.4.在将来时中用助动词will, shall。
①我们可以走了吗?____________ go now?②我就尽最大努力来帮你。
I __________ my best to help you.(四)情态动词情态动词是用来表达说话人的情感态度的词,本身有意义,但不完整,必须跟实义动词一起构成复合谓语。
常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, shall(should),will(would)等。
1.肯定句,情态动词后接动词原形。
如:我能讲英语。
I _____________ English.2.否定句,在情态动词后加not。
如:这不可能是真的。
It ____________ true.3.疑问句,把情态动词提到句首,其他不变。
如:我能帮你吗?_______________ you?二、动词的用途1.作谓语,有时态语态变化。
(1)时态①我昨天没去上学。
I __________________ school yesterday.②他早上6点起床。
He ______________ at 6 in the morning.③他们下周回家。
They _______________ home next week.(2)语态①这本书是昨天买的。
The book ______________ yesterday.②工作已经完成,我们可以回家了。
The work ____________________, and we can go home.2.作非谓语①他请我帮他。
He asked me ____________ him.②树下站着一个男孩。
There is a boy ___________ under the tree.③当我进来的时候,我发现教室已经被打扫了。
When I came in, I found the classroom ___________.Keys:一、实义动词常见不及物动词is listening to及物动词studies told me your story to help him短暂性动词has been came have had bought am leaving is coming 延续性动词is reading watched使役动词know cut to take waiting doing interests moved静态动词There are wants to see measures动态动词are talking二、系动词is was has been away keep quiet stay calm proved rightlooks very tired feel ill feels very soft sounds very interesting smell very sweet look very tired seems right appears quite young go badbecame a scientist will turn yellow三、助动词doesn't know Did he go are having was bought have learnedhad left Shall we will try。