1. What is the definition of a word?A word is a minimal free form. From the lexicological point of view, a word is a combination of for m and meaning. In addition, a word acts as a strctural unit of a sentence.3. Write out in full the following shortened words:EEC = European Economic CommunityOPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesSLAM = supersonic low altitude missile; strategic low altitude missileEDV AC = electronic discrete variable automatic computerGEM = ground effect machineNSC = National Security CouncilERDA = Energy Research and Development AdministrationDyno = dynamicAggro = aggressivenessChute = parachutePro = professionalMemo = memorandumFridge = refrigeratorNarc = narcotic agent of detectiveFrag = fragmentation grenadeFrat = fraternity5. Pick out the superordinates and the subordinates from the groups of words given below: 1—superordinate: vegetable; subordinates: spinach, asparagus2—superordinate: building materials; subordinates: wood, stone3—superordinate: fruit; subordinates: persimmon, fruit4—superordinate: tree; subordinates: poplar, pine7. a. Characterize the followin lexical items, using the three binary semantic features:Tree ( - Animate, + Live, + Concrete, + Vegetative + Trunked)Pine ( - Animate, + Live, + Concrete, + vegetative + Trunked, - Leafed)Plant ( - Animate, + Live, + Concrete, + Vegetitive)11. Fill the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate adverbs or prepositions:1. A soft sea breeze set in at midnight.2. He is wise enough to see through all these fine pretensions.3. He set aside all objections and granted my request.4. If land is cropped and not manured, it will run out.5. The judge said he would hold over your case until the next sitting if the court. 延期6. If the weather holds up, I suggest we go out on a picnic.7. As neighterof us would give in , the bargain fell through.8. He lets his feelings run away with his judgement.消耗掉9. He meant to put in for a share of the profits. 申请10. One is not sorry to see the proud pulled down.11. He passes for a learned man in our little community.12. He will draw back from what he has promised. 收回13. He showed violent opposition at first, but when the scheme was fully explained, he came round to our view.14. He will stick at nothing to accomplish his purpose.12. Explain the meaning of the following sayings and proverbs and translate them into Chinese:1. What can’t be cured must be endured. (不能解决的要忍受)2. What you lose on the swings you get back on the round-about.(失之东隅，收之桑榆)3. Like cures like.(以毒攻毒)4. It’s a long lane that has no turning.（路必要弯，事必有变）5. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.(巧妇难为无米之炊)6. There’s many a slip’ twixt the cup and the lip.(世事往往会功亏一篑)7. Half a loaf is better than no bread.(聊胜于无)8. A rolling stone gathers no moss.(见异思迁的人)9. Prevention is better than cure.(防患于未然)10. As you make your bed, so you must lie.(自作自受)11. He that sups with the devil must have a long spoon.(和坏人打交道，必须提高警惕)12. The pot calls the kettle black.(责人严而律己宽)13. The mills of God grind slowly.(天网恢恢，疏而不漏)14. He laughs best who laugh last.(谁笑到最后，谁笑得最美)15. Nothing succeeds like success.(一事成功，事事顺利)16. Nothing venture, nothing have.(不入虎穴，焉得虎子)17. Like attracts like.(物以类聚)18. Enough is as good as a feast.(知足常乐)19. Speech is silver, silence is gold.(雄辩是银，沉默是金)20. Fish begins to stink at the head.(上梁不正下梁歪)21. Never offer to teach fish to swim.(不要班门弄斧)22. Feed a cold and starve a fever.(伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿)23. Soft fire makes sweet malt.(好事多磨，慢工出细活)24. the lion’s share. (最大的份额)25. a bed of thorns. (不愉快的境遇)26.the happy medium.(中庸之道)13.缩略词：phone=telephone, varsity=university, story=history, chute=parachute, copter=helicopter, ad=adve tisement deb=debutante初次登台的演员,mod=modern, pro=professional, demo=demonstration示威游行,expo=exposition展览会, memo=memorandum备忘录, hypo=hypodermic,disco=discotheque夜总会,phycho=psychotic精神病患者, exec=executive officer主任参谋, narc=narcotic agent or detective 碎片弹, flu=influenza流行性感冒, tec=detective侦探, fridge=refrigerator冰箱, helicopter=heli,14.Which of he following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?A .the rapid development of modern science and technologyB. social and economic changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. geographical and political changes15. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( B )A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.。