毕业设计外文资料翻译设计题目: 译文题目: 太阳能蒸笼学生姓名：学号：专业班级：指导教师：正文：外文资料译文附件：外文资料原文太阳能蒸笼罗达.斯坦塔食品和营养学助理许多不同的系统介绍了太阳能炊具。
不同的设计有不同的优势。
它也表明太阳能灶还处于初级阶段,将有希望有个美好的未来,不仅有助于解决气候变化问题,而且在做一件重要的事,服务许多人的生命。
大部份太阳能炊具有某种形式的反光罩的集中太阳的能量。
太阳轮使用不反光但集中太阳能通过创造蒸汽从相对较大的收集器区域,并将其用于一个较小的烹饪区。
随着太阳能轮使用蒸汽作为传热媒介,它是一种间接的烹饪系统。
这允许一个分裂的烹饪系统,其热太阳能集热器可以放置在某个距离(如在屋顶上)除了烹饪的地方(例如在厨房里)。
厨师正在不接触阳光的并且可以用蒸汽,无论高低都方便,可接受的区域。
这使它成为一个非常方便的炊具为大量的食物。
使用简单叠加可以蒸煮几样菜，可以煮熟的同时进行。
那热气腾腾的过程是非常相似与传统蒸煮过程，应该容易得到各种文化的认可。
太阳所产生的蒸汽也可以被用来热量大的罐炖肉或汤通过引导蒸汽直接进入了液体在它凝聚和释放的热凝。
这就引起我做一个温柔的风潮的食品烤干。
在其设计技术,利用太阳船的有效性标准疏散管太阳能集热器可降低成本。
配料系统可以看出从素描以上基本的想法是很简单的。
太阳能收集器里装满了水。
因为它具有极高的效率和良好的保温玻璃管的撤离开始沸腾的水会暴露在阳光下时。
蒸汽会被引导到蒸笼以灵活的、蒸汽抗性软管。
连续系统最后更复杂的,因为它必须确信,玻璃管永远不会变干的。
一滴滴喂料系统集成式换热器提供了一条连续的淡水来代替水流失为蒸汽。
这也防止了重建的盐和污染的太阳能集热器。
因为这个系统包含了大量的沸腾的水在玻璃管,它具有使绝对肯定,没有压力,建立该体系。
成本为了保持成本低，Sun2Steam正在出售一转换工具包可以很容易地安装在一个标准的低成本太阳能集热器。
此套将直接来自澳大利亚,而太阳能收集器可直接来源于一个低成本的供应商。
一个太阳能集热器和20管直径和57mm 1.8米长，在中国是可以买到的大约200美元。
转换组件包括500万绝缘软管取决于汇率蒸汽将大约200美元。
成本增加25%,装船的税负导致的总费用为500美元左右的太阳能船没有安装费用和培训。
这使得轮船进入上部成本支架太阳能炊具。
然而所有的材料都要持久和完整的炊具应该很容易超过了一生的10年。
炉子可以很容易地帮助准备食物为10人。
这使人均成本的太阳能减少至约五十美元。
也有一些额外的好处。
太阳轮能生产大约5升的高质量的蒸馏水一天所产生的凝汽。
一个可选的转换器将允许生产超过100升的安全、pasteurised饮水每天。
报告描述太阳能蒸笼在这里可以找到:大多数高海拔的烹饪和烘烤的指示不推荐补偿,直到你到达约6000英尺的海拔高度。
居住在该地区,并且现在我住在怀俄明,是正确的,我们的高度范围你真正开始注重细微的差别,所以我已经学会补偿烤时和烹饪。
水沸腾时会出现在较低的温度在这里——这是由于减少了空气压力。
你不会真正注意到什么大的差异在4000英尺,甚至在6000英尺,唯一的真正的区别是面带最微小的更久一点做饭,和糙米试你的耐心一点超过正常(以接近一个小时做饭,而不是通常的40分钟)。
糖果还可以要求较长的沸腾时期达到各种球类或裂缝阶段。
最引人注目的差异在这个高度是烤面包。
蛋糕是一个倾向于看起来更温柔,更容易摔跤在中间。
面包做一些有趣的事情。
蛋糕混合料通常会表明你应该添加额外的勺面粉加入混合,如果你是在高海拔超过5-6000呎。
你可能需要补偿甚至更多,如果你是比那更高一些。
烹饪排气是必要的。
太阳能炊具不影响一个地区的污染,不构成燃烧的风险在人口集中的森林地带。
在发展中国家,那里的大部分的烹饪是演唱了一堆木材,那些煮,太阳能灶将受益于减少日常接触烟吸入。
太阳能solarCooking效益太阳能蒸笼是简单的设备,渠道太阳的自然的能量注入温情必要烹调食物。
虽然要花更多的时间来烹调食物与太阳能烹饪,优点往往大于这不便。
太阳能烹饪有多方面的影响,尤其是在发展中国家贫困或其他人那里的烹调方法是稀缺的或不可靠的。
成本太阳能蒸笼廉价地做。
许多都是由简单的家居用品。
设计不同,但是基本原理都是相同的。
一个反光材料反弹太阳光线到食物上。
一个简单的伞,铝箔,然后是一个关于烹调罐和坚定的立场为锅是主要的成分,这是很容易就能实现的最多的地方燃料不像其他大多数烹饪设备、太阳能炊具准备食物,而不需要额外的燃料。
火、煤、煤气和电力是不需要的。
这使得太阳能炊具的蹂躏,有效地解决了战争和自然灾害。
这带来很多好处,包括节省下来的时间找到燃料和降低相关成本的燃料。
污染太阳能蒸笼或者没有煤烟、烟排放气体。
这与用许多别的家居气候室内烹饪经常能在一个温度的家居。
这是一个不利条件的地区热是一种不间断的斗争。
如果你很酷的你的家里,太阳能烹饪的好处,可能导致减少的成本都烹饪和空调。
森林砍伐帕特丽夏·麦卡德尔,董事会成员,观察到的重要国际太阳能炊具森林砍伐和降低燃料来源他旅行到阿富汗在2005年。
她指出太阳能炊具烹调没有能帮助村民为了找寻柴禾。
通过阻止的庄稼,树木,这将提高覆盖地表,并帮助控制洪水泛滥。
杀菌当你能与一个太阳能炊具煮成水,它也可以用来杀菌的被污染的水而不依赖其它设备或能源。
太阳能炊具慈善指南指出,还可以治疗感染性医疗废物,并通过他们火热的时候,他们可以干的食物,为更好的保存。
参考文献1.Handbook of food preparation. 1993.Kendall/Hunt Publishing Col.Dubuque, Iowa. ISBN0-8403-8670-2.2.Altieu Adjusters. University of Wyoming extension Bulletin B-734,B734.83.ElectricBread.1991.Innovativer Cooking Enterpfisers ,Inc.Anchorage, Alska.ISBN0-9876657-1-X。
4.The Solar Machine Cookbook.1991.ISBN-45454667-034-4. The Solar Machine Coookbook #1991. ISBN-55665-037-8. .The solar Cookbook#3.1992 ICBN SBN-45436-037-8.5.Bresd Machine Bounty.1992.Better Homelands Gardens Books,DesMoines,I owa.ISBN0-989-07554-4.文章来源/article/159674-solar-cooking-benefits/#ixzz 1Mh5wkgcU附件：（外文资料原文）THE SOLAR FOOD STEAMERRhoda schantzAssistant professor of food and nutritionMany different systems of solar cookers have been introduced. The wealth of different designs is very refreshing. It also demonstrates that the solar cooker is still in its infancy and will hopefully have a great future, not only in helping to fight climate change but also in making a difference to the life of many people.Most solar cookers have some sort of reflectors to concentrate the energy of the sun. The solar steamer uses no reflectors but concentrates the solar energy by creating steam from a relatively large collector area and applying it to a smaller cooking area. As the solar steamer is using steam as heat transfer medium, it is an indirect cooking system. This allows the design of a split system where the thermal solar collector can be placed at some distance (e.g. on the roof) apart from the place of cooking (e.g. in the kitchen). The cook is not exposed to the sun shine and can use the steam at whatever hight is convenient and culturally acceptable.This makes it a very convenient cooker for large quantities of food. Using simple stackable steaming pots several dishes can be cooked simultaneously. The steaming process is very similar to traditional steaming processes and should find easily cultural acceptance.The solar generated steam can also be used to heat large pots of stew or soup by guiding the steam directly into the liquid were it condenses and releases the heat of condensation. This leads to a gentle agitation of the food without burning it.In its technical design the solar steamer makes use of the availability of standard evacuated tube solar collectors which are available from China at low cost.Batch SystemAs can be seen from the sketch above the basic concept is very simple. The solar collector is filled with water. Because of the high efficiency and the good insulation of the evacuated glass tubes the water will start boiling when exposed to sunshine. The steam will be guided to the food steamer using a flexible, steam resistant hose.Continuous SystemThe final steamer is a bit more sophisticated as it has to be made sure that the glass tubes never dry out. A trickle feed system with integrated heat exchanger provides a continuous supply of fresh water to replace the water lost as steam. It also prevents the built-up of salts and contamination in the solar collector. Because the system contains a large quantity of boiling water in glass tubes, it has to made absolutely sure that there is no pressure building up in the system.CostIn order to keep cost low Sun2Steam is offering a conversion kit which can be easily fitted to a standard low cost solar collector. This kit will be supplied from Australia whereas the solar collectors can be directly sourced from a low cost supplier.A solar collector with 20 tubes 1.8m long and 57mm diameter can be bought in China for about US$200. The conversion kit including 5m insulated steam hose depending on exchange rate will be about US$200. Adding 25% for cost of shipment, taxes and duties leads to a total cost of about US$500 for the solar steamer without the cost of installation and training.This puts the steamer into the upper cost bracket of solar cookers. However all materials are long lasting and the complete cooker should easily exceed a lifetime of 10 years. The cooker can easily help to prepare food for 10 people. This brings the per capita cost of the solar steamer down to about US$50.There are also some additional benefits. The solar steamer can produce about 5 litres of high quality distilled water a day resulting from the condensed steam. An optional conversion kit will allow to produce more than 100 litres of safe, pasteurised drinking water per day.A presentation describing the solar food steamer can be found here:Most high altitude cooking and baking instructions do not recommend compensations until you reach about 6000 ft above sea level. Living in the region of Wyoming that I live in, we are right in the altitude range in which you really begin to notice small differences, so I have learned to compensate when baking and cooking.Water boils at a lower temperature here - this is due to reduced air pressure. You won't really notice much of a difference at 4000 ft, and even at 6000 ft, the only real difference is that noodles take the tiniest bit longer to cook, and brown rice tries your patience a bit more than normal (taking closer to an hour to cook instead of the usual 40 minutes). Candies also can require a longer boiling period to reach the various ball or crack stages.The most noticeable differences at this height is baking. Cakes tend to be a bit softer, and more likely to fall in the middle. Breads do some interesting things too.Cake mixes will usually indicate that you should add an extra tablespoon of flour to the mix if you are at altitudes over 5-6000 ft. You may need to compensate even more if you are higher up than that.Since cakes, muffins, quickbreads, and pancakes use baking powder, which is activated by heat, they tend to rise rather rapidly in the center. Reduced air pressure means that the bubbles grow faster and larger than usual. This can cause them to get large enough to burst before the center of an item fully cooks. It does not affect taste, so unless you are serving for company, it is not usually a big deal. Adding flour stiffens the batter a bit, and gives the same effect as increased air pressure - it makes it a little harder for the bubbles to grow.If you are baking from scratch, you can also reduce the amount of liquid by about a tablespoon, or you can reduce the amount of baking powder (or soda and acid combination). Only reduce the baking powder by about a quarter though, a small difference will usually correct things.I bought my first bread machine at high altitude. I have always baked bread, but did not notice any differences until I got the bread machine though, because I always baked by feel and appearance, not by specific times. Each time we moved we had to work out new bake times for the new oven anyway.In the bread machine though, the differences were really noticeable. It is not fun cleaning out vents on the top of a bread machine into which soft uncooked dough has squished because the bread over-rose!Bread will tend to rise too fast. Whole wheat bread can also sour very quickly at higher altitudes. Solutions to the two problems are slightly different, depems of cooking where exhaust is necessary. Solar cookers do not contribute to an area's pollution and do not pose a burning risk in densely wooded areas. In developing countries where much of the cooking is performed over a wood fire, those cooking with the solar cooker will benefit from reduced daily exposure to smoke inhalation. Solar solarCooking BenefitsSolar cookers are simple devices that channel the sun's natural energy into the warmth necessary to cook food. While it takes longer to cook food with solar cooking, the advantages often outweigh this inconvenience. Solar cooking has many implications, especially in impoverished or developing nations where other cooking methods are scarce or unreliable.CostSolar cookers are inexpensive to make. Many are made from simple household materials. The design varies, but the principles are the same. A reflective material bounces the sun's rays onto the food. A simple umbrella, aluminum foil, a cooking pot and a stand for the pot are the primary components, which are easily attainable in most placeFuelUnlike most other cooking devices, a solar cooker prepares food without the need for additional fuel. Fire, coal, gas or electricity are not necessary. This makes the solar cooker an effective solution for communities ravaged by war or natural disaster. This offers many advantages, including time saved from finding fuel and reduced costs associated with fuel.PollutionSolar cookers emit no fumes, smoke or gases. This contrasts with many other forHousehold ClimateIndoor cooking often elevates the temperature in a household. This is a disadvantage in areas where heat is an ongoing struggle. If you cool your home, the benefits of solar cooking could lead to reduced costs for both cooking and air conditioning.DeforestationPatricia McArdle, a board member of Solar Cookers International, observed significant deforestation and reduced sources of fuel on her trip toAfghanistan in 2005. She notes that solar cookers could help villagers cook without the desperate search to find fire wood. And by stopping the harvest of trees, this would improve ground cover and help control flooding.SterilizationAs you can boil water with a solar cooker, it may also be used to sterilize contaminated water without dependence on other devices or energy sources. Charity Guide notes that solar cookers can also treat infectious medical waste, and through their heat, they can dry food for better preservation.RESOURCES AVAILABLE1.Handbook of food preparation. 1993.Kendall/Hunt Publishing Col.Dubuque, Iowa. ISBN0-8403-8670-2.2.Altieu Adjusters. University of Wyoming extension Bulletin B-734,B734.83.ElectricBread.1991.Innovativer Cooking Enterpfisers ,Inc.Anchorage, Alska.ISBN0-9876657-1-X。