河北工业大学硕士学位论文城市污水处理厂运行成本研究姓名：刘家勇申请学位级别：硕士专业：工业工程指导教师：陈立文；原培胜2010-12河北工业大学工程硕士学位论文城市污水处理厂运行成本研究摘 要近年来，随着我国城镇化的加快，污水处理厂建设也是快速发展，我国已投产的城市污水处理厂已有上千座。
然而虽然建立起来了，但大部分城市污水处理厂不同程度的存在运行费用不足，很多是不能满负荷运行或处于停运状态。
主要是城市污水处理厂的运行成本费用是庞大的、长期的。
如果通过有效地控制，能够将城市污水处理厂的运行费用节省1%，对全国的污水处理厂来说也是个巨大的数字。
我国城市污水处理事业的发展从九十年开始，从大城市逐渐向中小城市推进，污水处理与其他行业相比，由于发展较晚，设计和管理存在一些不足，相当多的污水处理厂建成后难以维持正常运行，环境效益和社会效益得不到实现，导致我国城市污水处理厂的吨水耗电量是发达国家的数倍，而运行管理人员数显得臃肿。
因此，有效提高我国城市污水处理厂的运行管理水平和技术人员的专业素质，是污水处理厂快速发展急需解决的前提条件。
城市污水处理厂的运行成本主要包括：水电费、人员工资、材料费、设备维护保养、管道维护、化验费、管理费、污泥处理费用及其他费用。
为了方便，我们把污水处理厂的运行成本分为：动力费、人员费、药剂费、维修费和其他费用，其中动力费包括全厂水电费，人员费包括人员工资、管理费、车辆费，维修费包括日常的设备维修和保养费、设备大修费、仪表的检校费和管道的维护费，药剂费包括实验室各种化学试剂、消毒费、絮凝剂费。
本论文针对我国城市污水的特点和处理现状，对污水处理设施与运行管理进行了研究、提出一些了对策，以此降低污水处理厂运行成本。
城市污水处理设施的建设和运行是我国当前节能减排控制的重点，建立一套科学的污水管理体制和方法，运用到城市污水处理厂的管理当中，可以大大推动我国污水处理事业的发展和改善人们的生活环境。
关键词：城市污水，运行成本，对策i城市污水处理厂运行成本研究STUDY ON OPERATING COST OF URBAN SEWAGETREATMENT PLANTABSTRACTIn recent years, with the acceleration of China's urbanization, the rapid development of construction of sewage treatment plant, urban sewage treatment plant which China has put into achieve over a thousand. However, the operating cost of most of the urban sewage treatment plant is insufficient to different degree, many can not operate at full capacity, or in the shutdown state. Because the operating cost of the urban sewage treatment plant is huge and long-term. If through the effective control, We can save 1% operating cost of the urban sewage treatment plant, that will be a huge number to the national sewage treatment plant.China's urban sewage treatment started at nineties, then advanced from big cities to medium and small cities. Compared with other industries, the design and the management have some insufficiencies because of late development, a considerable number of sewage treatment plant completed is difficult to maintain normal operation, environmental and social benefits are not achieved, then lead to power consumption of urban sewage treatment plant in china is several times more than developed countries, the number of operation and management personnel appears extremely bloated. Therefore, to effectively improve operation and management level and professional quality of technical staff of China's urban sewage treatment plant, it is prerequisites of rapid development of the sewage treatment plant needed to be resolved.Operating costs of urban sewage treatment plant include: Water and electricity charges, staff salaries, material cost, equipment repairs and maintenance, pipeline maintenance, laboratory fees, management fees, sludge treatment and other expenses. For convenience, operating costs of sewage treatment plant are divided into: powerii河北工业大学工程硕士学位论文costs, staff costs, pharmacy costs, maintenance costs and other expenses, power costs include entire water and electricity charges, staff costs include staff salaries, management fees, vehicle fees, maintenance costs include routine repairs and maintenance costs, equipment overhaul costs, instrument calibration costs, pipeline maintenance costs, pharmacy costs include various chemical reagents costs, sterilization costs, flocculant costs.This thesis focuses on the characteristics and treatment status of China's urban sewage, studies sewage treatment facilities and operation and management, proposes some countermeasures, to reduce the operating costs of sewage treatment plant. Construction and operation of urban sewage treatment facilities are the focus of energy saving control in china. A scientific sewage management system and method Established are applied to the management of urban sewage treatment plant, which can greatly promote the development of wastewater treatment and improve people's living environment.KEY WORDS：Urban sewage , Operating costs, countermeasuresiii河北工业大学工程硕士学位论文第一章绪论§1.1 研究背景我国是一个水资源贫乏的国家，人均占有的水资源量仅为世界人均占有量的四分之一，而且分布极不均匀，致使许多城市和地区严重缺水，尤其是北方地区和沿海城市。
在全国现有的城市中，有近一半的城市不同程度缺水，其中一百多座城市十分严重。
水资源的减少和污染严重威胁了我国社会经济和居住环境的可持续发展，每年因缺水造成的直接和间接经济损失高达上千亿元。
面对如此严峻的水资源形势，有效的降低污水处理的运行成本，是有效发展城市污水处理事业的基础，是缓解城市日益严重缺水的极其重要的途径。
城市污水处理的迅速发展是我国水业发展的源泉与动力，同时也带来了严峻的挑战和机遇，目前发展所面临最大的问题是怎样保证这部分污水处理厂的正常运营，随着人们对环保事业的逐步重视，全国已经大量建成污水处理厂，但大多数都污水处理厂存在严重的运营困难。
据估计及行业了解，我国目前污水处理厂约有“1/3基本上闲置，1/3存在开开停停，只有1/3运营正常”，随着我国对节能减排的重视，各地污水处理厂的正常运行有所改观。
结合我国城市在自身环境发展的压力、社会的压力和财不能实现正常运营的关键是缺乏有效的财政支撑，并且这一问题将随着城市污水处理厂的大量建设而进一步恶化。
污水处理厂的能耗是运行成本组成的重要部分，根据《全国城市污水处理及再生利用设施建设规划》到2010年底，年污水处理量达到297亿m3。