被动语态的翻译
14
被动语态的翻译
[<]
英语中以it 做形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时,除把it一律省略外,通常有两种处理方法: 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计,美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是,汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如:
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯,想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
10
被动语态的翻译
[<]
B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
17
被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
“ 叫”、 “ 由”、 “ 把”、“挨”
“ 为 …… 所”、
“加以”、“予以”等。例如:
2
被动语态的翻译
1) The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错,环境、运气不佳 或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所 困扰。 2) When optimists run for office, they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are. 当乐观主义者参加竞选时,他们比悲观主义者更容易 当选。
英语中以it 做形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的 结构很多。这种结构在译成汉语时,除把it一律省略外,通常有两种处理方法: 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
D. 习惯译法
1). It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。
6
被动语态的翻译
[<]
使用“是 ……的”、“为…… 所” 句型 “是……的”、“为……所”这些 句子着重说明一件事情是怎样做或 什么时候、什么地点做的等等。例 如:
5) Poets are born, but orators are made.
诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。
6). Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。(喻“不身体力行不足 以成事”) 7). In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career. 近四十岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意所 毁。
15
被动语态的翻译
[<]
It is generally accepted that… 一般认为;大家公认 • It is alleged that…
• It must be realized that… 必须了解(认识、明 白) • It is said that…
人们断言
• It is asserted that… 有人主张(断定) • It is understood that… 人们理解;不用说
当英语被动句中的主语是无生 命的名词,而且句中一般没有 由介词 by 引导的行为主体时, 这种句子常常可译成汉语的主 动句,而不需加什么词。
2).The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是,机械力代替了人力。
3
被动语态的翻译
3) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 美国人牛肉吃得很多,因为美国有大量的土地可用来 养牛,而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运 输。 4) Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 11月下旬,街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰。
我们是不能被欺负的。
13
被动语态的翻译
[<]
C. 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 1). Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with. 有了钱,就会以钱谋权。 2). If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly. 如果把水加热,水分子就运动得更快。
2) The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。
12
被动语态的翻译
3) He was brought up by his grandmother.
他是由他祖母抚养大的。
4) We are not to be bullied.
4
被动语态的翻译
[<]
A . 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. TIP:当句中不出现行为主 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止,二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中 最严重的一种。
8
被动语态的翻译
1.2 译成主动句 英译汉时,不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句,使句 子更符合汉语习惯。 1) Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound.
被动语态的翻译
被 动 语 态 的 翻 译
语态是表明句子中谓语与主语之间关系的 一种语法手段。相比汉语,英语中被动语态使 用范围大、频率高。因此,在翻译时,我们可 以根据两种语言的习惯,从句式和辅助词语两 个方面进行语态转换。
1
1
被动语态的翻译
一、 英译汉中被动语态的翻译
1.1 译成被动句 英语被动句是由“助动词 be+ 过去分词”构成, 在译成汉语时,除了用 “被”表示外,还可以运用 其他词语,如 “受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、
据说;一般认为
• It is suggested that…
有人建议Leabharlann 16被动语态的翻译
[<]
• It is believed that… 据信;人们(大家)相信 • It is claimed that… 有人(人们)主张;人们要 求 • It is declared that… 据宣称;人们宣称 • It cannot be denied that… 不可否认 • It is estimated that… 据估计(推算) • It has been found that… 已经发现;实践证明
7
被动语态的翻译
[<]
8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。
使用“加以”、“予以”字 样 表达被动含义。