六年级下册单元知识点前进实验小学史爱东语法知识：英语动词4种时态：1、一般现在时：常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often（经常） , usually （通常，一般） , sometimes（有时） , always（总是，一直） , never（从不）,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。
用动词原形表示，第三人称单数后，动词要在词尾加s（或es，或变y为i再加es）。
如：I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、现在进行时：表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。
用am / is / are 加动词ing形式表示，如: What are you doing? I am reading a book. What is he doing? He is singing.3、一般将来时：常与表示将来的时间连用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。
用 am/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示，如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I’m going to ride a horse. 用will 加动词原形表示，如：What will you do next Sunday? I will go shopping. 用am/ is/ are 加动词ing 形式表示，如：What are you doing tomorrow? I’m going bowling.4、一般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用, 如: yesterday, last night等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。
动词要用动词的过去式。
如：Who was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容词的比较级和最高级：1、单音节词：比较级加er, 最高级加est. 如：tall------taller-------- the tallest,e is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音节词和部分双音节词：比较级加more, 最高级加 the most. 如：interesting---------more interesting---------the most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music.. Science i the most interesting subject.形容词变为比较级的变化规则：（1）一般情况下，在形容词的词尾直接加er。
如: tall—taller short—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer. late—later (3)以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er.如：big—biggerthin—thinner fat —fatter (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词，先变y为i , 再加er。
：easy —easier heavy—heavier funny—funnier.（2）、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化：good—better well—better bad—worse badly—worse many—more much —more littl—less far—arther动词ing的变化规律：1）直接加ing ，如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting,sing-singing, study-studying, ……2）去掉词尾不发音的e ，如：take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-drivin, have-having, use-using, write-writing,practice-practicing, ……3）重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加 ing , 如： sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, ……主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)：1）直接加s，如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes,…2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+ es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, ……3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+ es，如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, ……4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+ es.5）特殊：have-has, ……6）家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Tom’s cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t.2) Who’s he/she? He’s / She’s my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they?There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意： 1）名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数--复数规律:（1）1）直接加s，如： boy-boys, term-terms,2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+ es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes,glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es，如：baby-babies,lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, …5）特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep, …（2）名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如： my cousin’s , his parents’它的构成规则：单数名词后+“’s”， Mike’s mother.复数名词词尾有，其后只+“’”，Teachers’ Da教师节.若是两人共有时，只在后者+ “’s ”,Jim and Tom’s mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。
不是两者所共有的，两者都+ “’s ”,Jim’s and Tom’s mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。
名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of, a map of China.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构：“主语+动词的过去式”用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句, 如yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。
I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。
一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
4. 一般过去时的标志词: last year; last nightyesterday (+morning, afternoon, evening)in +过去时间词: in 1998…II 过去式规则变化（a）动词词尾+“ ed ”。
walk →walked（走）need →needed （需要）（b）动词词尾为“e”时，加“-d”。
live →lived （住）like →liked （喜欢）（c）动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，去“y”加“ ied ”，若是词尾为“元音字母+y”，只加“ ed ”。