第二讲 引人入胜(一)
雅思议论文引言段套路技巧讲解
【名师讲解】
对于大部分初学者来说,在写雅思议论文的引言段时,都会自觉或不自觉地使用一些套句来引出自己对题中话题的见解。
这是再正常不过的事,也是切入议论文写作的一种很自然的方式。
我个人喜欢把它称为“套路”(注意:它决不是众多“烤鸭”们趋之若鹜的“模版”!),就像武术中的拳法、刀法和剑法一样,虽然有一些固定的招式和系统性的应对策略,但还是充满着变化、不断地在改进、并融入了一种龙蛇起舞般的灵动和神秘感。
正如在总论中提及的那样,我把众多的句型套路归为五大类,而今天给大家讲的是第一类的套路:引人入胜。
从名称来看,“引人入胜”就是把人(也就是读者/考官)引到一个充满趣味的地方(也就是你要用一个比较有趣的话题先吊起人们的胃口,并吸引他们往下看)。
在此,我推荐的第一个句型是:
1.1 The issue of … is of great interest to many people.
该句型中的其它文字都相对固定,而中间的省略号部分则是大家必须结合特定的话题而进行灵活变动的。
举个例子吧,请大家看下面的一道雅思写作题:
这显然是一个具有争议性的话题:学生穿校服是否会影响他们的人格或破坏他们的个性?句型中介词of 后面除了用一般的名词或名词词组之外,还可以用一个whether 引导出一个从句:
{原创范例} The issue of whether the practice of requiring students to
wear school uniforms will affect their personality and
individuality is of great interest to many people .
大家可以一目了然地看到,句型套路只占整个句子的一小部分,还是有相当大的空间留出来给写作者进行自由发挥和灵活创造。
更为重要的是你完全可以借用部分题中的原词(例如practice, personality, individuality ),然后对其它的关键词进行同义词的转换:demand → require, undermine → affect ,这样既有模仿、又有创新的写法是雅思写作中最完美的结合。
其实雅思写作中并不需要你很大的词汇量以及那些特别艰
深的词汇,只需要你有较强的换词能力。
细心的读者会注意到,我刚才讲的是句型中的文字“相对”固定,也就是说即便是句型,也能进行灵活的变换和运用,并产生无穷丰富的替换句型。
首先,我们可以在主语位置将issue变成topic,然后把句子中间的interest换作concern,最后根据特定的话题,把较为笼统的people改为更为贴切的parents:
1.2 The topic of … is of great concern for many parents.
{原创范例} The topic of whether it is appropriate and effective to use corporal punishment on young children is of great
concern for many parents.
相似的是,subject, importance, scientists也能成为一个绝妙的组合:
1.3 The subject of … is of great importance to many scientists. {原创范例} The subject of how to find solutions to many problems created by the rapid development of today’s high
technology is of great importance to many scientists.
用discussion来替代原先的issue, topic, subject是一个崭新的思路。
另外,我们可以将句末的人物概念变成某些国家,并用both … and …的框形结构连接:
1.4 The discussion about …is of great significance to both
industrialized and underdeveloped nations.
{原创范例} The discussion about the most efficient way to give financial and technological assistance to the Third World is
of great significance to both industrialized and
underdeveloped nations.
在接下来的第五中替换句型里面,我们除了用较为新颖的question作为主语之外,还做了一个大胆而正确的尝试,把前面相对固定的be of great + noun的结构换成be a matter of much contention这样一种地道的表达方式,并将句尾的受众扩大为整个general public:
1.5 The question of … is a matter of much contention among the
general public.
{原创范例} The question of how human beings can define and pursue happiness is a matter of much contention among the
general public.
如果跳出be动词加名词词组的句型限制,我们甚至可以用其它动词,并采用被动语态的结构:
1.6 The problem …has been widely debated in the world of
politics.
{原创范例} The problem of huge spending on weapons of mass destruction by the U.S. and some European countries has
been widely debated in the world of politics.
最后再来一个更高端的替换句型,其中有几个较难的词inquiry, trigger, controversy, realm,你必须要有一定的语言功底才能运用自如:
1.7 The inquiry into … has triggered an intense controversy in
the realm of science.
{原创范例} The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has
triggered an intense controversy in the realm of
science.
之所以提供这么多富有变幻的句型,我的目的很简单:让不同英语水平、不同理解层次和具有不同运用能力的广大读者和雅思考生都能找到适合自己的东西,并在考场上一显身手。
(主讲:宁园)
【每日习题】
Directions: Use any appropriate sentence patterns 1.1 – 1.7 to construct an opening sentence for each of the following essay questions. Essay question 1
Your opening sentence:
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Essay question 2
Your opening sentence:
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Essay question 3
Your opening sentence:
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________。