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初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习教材

宾语从句导入:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:I know that the man is a policeman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块:1. 引导宾语从句引导词选择;2. 宾语从句的语序;3.时态。

一.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

如:My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know …2. She says …3. Tell your friend …(that)2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。

如:(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t knowI don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know …2.I want to know …3.The teacher asks …if/whether•注意:一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,只能用whether不用if 的三种情况•①与or not连用:Let me know whether you can come or not.•②在介词之后:It depends on whether it is going to rain.③在不定式之前:We haven’t decided whether to go there.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。

(连接代词who, whom, whose, what,which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义)。

如:1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know …2.I want to kno w …3. Can you tell me …1.What is this ?2.What are you doing ?3.Where do you live ?4.When does he get up ?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?二.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”注意:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变:What’s wrong? What’s the matter?What’s happening?eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?三.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是__任何___时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的__过去___时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。

例如:He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.注意:.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.The teacher told me she was born in 1960.(形容词后的宾语从句,2014 一模和二摸题)四,拓展:直接引语和间接引语概述我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式,一种时直接引述别人的话语,并置于引号之内的称为直接引语,另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语,称为间接引语,间接一般构成宾语从句。

The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”老师问:“你喜欢英语吗?”(直接引语)The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。

(间接引语)一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词,如tell, ask, say 等。

这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活,可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。

主语如果是名词时,可以倒装。

“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。

He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”他告诉我:“明天我打算去长春。

”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里?”琳达问。

直接引语变间接引语的变化形式人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。

人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。

从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称,第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称,第三人称不变。

例如:He said, “I came to help you.”他说:“我是来帮助你的。

”→He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。

时态的变化引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时,间接引语的时态不变。

引述动词如果用一般过去时,间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。

具体变化如下:一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是,情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。

若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

时间状语的变化now →then last month →the month beforetoday →that day three days ago →three days beforetonight →that night tomorrow →the next daythis week →that week next month →the next monthyesterday →the day before the day after tomorrow →in two days地点状语的变化here →there谓语动词的变化come →go直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句(1)将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句,接在谓语动词之后(that 可以省略)。

例如:He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说:“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。

”→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。

(2)如果引述动词是say to sb.,则通常改为tell sb. sth. 结构。

例如:He said to me, “Your bike is broken.”她对我说:“你的自行车坏了。

”→He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。

2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句,将直接引语变为由if /whether 引导的宾语从句,句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。

其语序为陈述语序,若直接引语的引述动词为say ,应改为ask. 例如:Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?”玛丽问我,“凯伦时美国人吗?”→Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。

直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句,将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句,语序是陈述语序。

例如:John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我,“周迅是哪儿的人?”→John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。

4. 感叹句----变成由that引导的宾语从句He said “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.5. .命令句----变为不定式短语He said“Open the door.”He asked me to open the door.拓展二:形容词宾语从句某些表示主观感受的形容词,在语义逻辑上等同于谓语表达,此时后面连接的名词性从句可理解为它的宾语,即形容词宾语从句。

例如:1)We are fully convinced that John was the winner of the speech contest.我们完全相信约翰是此次演讲比赛的获胜者。

2)I am afraid that you,you've misunderstood your boss.我担心你误解了你的老板。

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