一、选择题(每题1分,共30分)A型题: 每一考题有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案填入题干后括号内。
1．细菌的革兰染色性主要决定于：( )A．核质结构B．细胞壁结构C．细胞膜结构D．磷壁酸的有无E．中介体的有无2．溶原性细菌是指：( )A．带有前噬菌体基因组的细菌B．带有毒性噬菌体的细菌C．带有温和噬菌体的细菌D．带有R质粒的细菌E．带有F质粒的细菌3．能引起内毒素性休克的细菌成分是：( )A．肽聚糖B．磷壁酸C．LPS D．菌体抗原E．荚膜多糖4．关于顿挫感染，下列叙述中哪项正确?( )A. 因宿主细胞内有相应抑制物B. 因宿主细胞DNA有关基因激活C. 因宿主细胞缺乏有关酶D. 因感染病毒有核酸缺失E. 因感染病毒抗原性转变5．细菌芽胞特有的、并与其高度耐热性有关的成分是：( )A．磷脂B．肽聚糖C．磷壁酸D．二氨基庚二酸E．吡啶二羧酸6．下列哪种实验可用来检测致癌物质？( )A．Ames test B．transformation testC．fluctuation test D．replica plating testE．Widal test7．杀灭包括芽胞的所有微生物的方法称作：( )A．消毒B．无菌C．灭菌D．灭活E．防腐8. 下列无芽胞的细菌中，抵抗力最强的是: ( )A. 乙型溶血性链球菌B. 金黄色葡萄球菌C. 淋病奈瑟菌D. 肺炎球菌E. 脑膜炎奈瑟菌9. 下列哪项不是病毒在细胞内增殖的指标？( )A. 细胞病变效应B. 红细胞吸附C. 细胞代谢的改变D. 干扰现象E. 细胞培养液混浊10．霍乱弧菌能粘附定植于小肠粘膜上皮细胞是因为具有：( )A．鞭毛B．ＬＴＡC．菌毛D．Ｋ抗原E．Ｖｉ抗原11．对青霉素产生耐药性的最常见的细菌是：( )A．Streptococcus B．Staphylococcus C．Meningococcus D．Gonococcus E．Pneumococcus12．分枝杆菌属最突出的特点是：( )A．胞壁含大量脂质B．无特殊结构C．呈分枝生长D．一般不易着色E．抗盐酸乙醇脱色13. 下列哪种物质与结核结节和干酪样坏死有关？( )A．分枝菌酸B．蜡质ＤC．磷脂D．索状因子E．硫酸脑苷脂14．下列哪种细菌不会引起食物中毒：( )蜡样芽胞杆菌C. 志贺菌B. 鼠伤寒沙门菌A.D. 希氏沙门菌E. 产肠毒素的金黄色葡萄球菌15．从有正常菌群存在的部位所采取的标本应接种在哪种培养基中分离培养病原菌？( )A．增菌培养基B．营养培养基C．选择鉴别培养基D．基础培养基E．特殊培养基16．衣原体与病毒的相同点是：( )A．含有RNA和DNA B．有核糖体C．严格细胞内寄生D．二分裂方式繁殖E．对抗生素敏感17．新生隐球菌致病物质主要是：( )A．荚膜多糖B．芽生孢子C．细胞壁D．假菌丝E．侵袭性酶18．真菌的假菌丝是由哪种孢子延长而形成的? ( )A．芽生孢子B．大分生孢子C．小分生孢子D．关节孢子E．厚膜孢子19．The main infection source of epidemic type B encephalitis virus is: ( ) A. patient B. health carrier C. young pig D. culicine（库蚊） E. louse 20．The main type of infection caused by Poliovirus is：( ) A．inappareent infection B．acute infection C．chronic infection D．latent infection E．slow virus infection21．At an office visit, a 38-year-old man complains of jaundice黄疸, dark urine, anorexia厌食, abdominal pain, and malaise不适. Serologic tests are positive for both HBeAg andHBsAg. Which statement most accurately describes the virus responsible for these findings?( )A. Its genome is a messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes a polyprotein.B. Its genome is linear double-stranded DNA.C. Its genome is RNA, but it replicates through a DNA intermediate.D. Its replication requires a helper virus.E. Its replication requires an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.22. Which step in viral replication is inhibited by protease inhibitor? ( )A. PenetrationB. UncoatingC. TranscriptionD. ReplicationE. Viral assembly23. A 48-year-old man has been receiving blood products for hemophilia血友病sincechildhood. He is now suffering from a low-grade fever, weight loss, thrush鹅口疮,seriousbouts of diarrhea, and symptoms of pneumonia. A deficiency in the production of whichsubstance would be most pronounced in this patient? ( )A. Complement componentsB. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)E. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)24．A neonate is born with a small head, intracerebral calcification脑内钙化, rash, andswollen liver and spleen. Cells with a basophilic nuclear inclusion body are obtained fromthe patient's urine, which condition describes the most prevalent consequenence of adultinfection with this agent? ( )A. Immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic diseasesB. Mild arthritic condition with a fine lacy rashC. Mononucleosis with production of antibody to sheep red blood cellsD. No serious, definable disease symptomsE. Pharyngoconjunctivitis咽结膜炎25．A virus isolated from a patient with liver disease is detergent去污剂-sensitive, and itsgenome is infectious, Which virus do these findings describe? ( )A. EchovirusB. Hepatitis A virusC. Hepatitis C virusD. Hepatitis E virusE. PapillomavirusX型题: 每一考题有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请将所有正确答案填入题干后括号内，多选或少选均为错误。
26．可从粪便标本中分离的病毒有：( )A．甲型肝炎病毒B．麻疹病毒C．脊髓灰质炎病毒D．人类轮状病毒E．ECHO病毒27．关于SARS病毒的描述，下列哪些是正确的？( )A．主要通过飞沫传播B．有包膜，对乙醚等脂溶剂敏感C．临床表现以发热为基本特征D．病毒分离培养为常规检查方法E．人群对SARS病毒无天然免疫力，普遍易感28．被狂犬咬伤的伤口，下列哪些处理正确? ( )A．立即用20%肥皂水清洗伤口B．用70%酒精及碘酒涂擦伤口C．使用大量抗生素D．局部注射高效价抗狂犬病病毒血清E．注射狂犬病疫苗29．下列哪些真菌属于深部感染的条件致病性真菌? ( )A．白假丝酵母菌B．新生隐球菌C．曲霉D．毛霉E．组织胞浆菌30. 下列哪些病原体感染后主要依赖细胞免疫发挥抗感染作用?( ) A．疱疹病毒B．甲型肝炎病毒C．结核分枝杆菌D．伤寒沙门菌E．麻疹病毒二、填空题（每空分，共10分）1．细菌细胞壁特有的化学成分是__________，真菌细胞壁特有的化学成分是__________。
2．R质粒由和两部分组成，分别编码和。
3．一般只在局部繁殖而不进入血流引起菌血症的细菌有_____________和___________等；一般只在局部增殖而不进入血流引起病毒血症的病毒有____________和__________等。
4．与宫颈癌发生密切相关的病毒主要是______________和______________。
__________段结合的抗原，称Fc的IgG以上金黄色葡萄球菌均存在一种能与90% 5.鉴别肠杆菌科致病菌与非致病菌常选用的生化试验是：_____________7. 列举3种基因组分节段的RNA病毒：_____________，_____________ ，___________。
8. 列举3种引起自然疫源性疾病的病原体，细菌如_____________，病毒如____________和_____________。
三、名词解释(每题3分，共18分)mesosome2. high frequency recombinant3. dysbacteriosis4. Dane particle5. Weil-Felix reaction6. subacute sclerosing panencephalitis四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1．细菌的合成代谢产物有哪些？在医学上有何实际意义？2．简述破伤风梭菌的感染条件及致病机制。