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初中英语动词和动词短语归纳

专题五动词和动词短语1、一些常用行为动词的用法y和lie原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法lie lay lain lying躺,位于不及物动词lie lied lied lying说谎不及物动词lay laid laid laying 放置,产卵及物动词He lied to me that he had finished his homework.他向我撒谎说完成作业了。

He laid the baby on the bed.他把婴儿放置在床上。

2.arise,rise和raise原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法arise arose arisen arising 出现,发生,兴起不及物动词rise rose risen rising上升,起身不及物动词raise raised raised raising 举起,提高,唤起,饲养及物动词The sun having set down,a mist arose.太阳落山后起了雾。

The river has risen by several metres.河水上涨了好几米。

It's difficult to raise a family on a small income.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。

3.hang的用法原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法hanghung hung hanging吊,挂及物动词/不及物动词hanged hanged hanging绞死及物动词He hung his clothes on the wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。

A towel hung from the rail.栏杆上搭着条毛巾。

The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.杀人犯被绞死了,为死者报了仇。

4.get的用法(1)get+宾语:在这种结构中,get 通常意为 receive (收到),obtain(获得),fetch(拿来),take(拿)等。

I got her letter yesterday.昨天我收到了她的来信。

(2)get+形容词:表示某种状态的变化,意思与 become 相似。

When you get old,your memory gets worse.你老了之后,记忆力会变差。

(3)get+过去分词:这种结构相当于“be+过去分词”,相当于被动语态。

His leg got broken in the car accident.在那次车祸中,他的腿断了。

(4)get+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词、分词、不定式):这种结构表示“使……变得,使……移动,使……做,使……被做”。

I can't get my feet warm.我没法使脚暖和起来。

Can you get the car going?你能把车开动起来吗?I shall get Mr.Wang to do it for me.我该让王先生给我做那件事。

I got my watch repaired yesterday.我昨天让人把表修了。

[注意] 有时候“get+宾语+过去分词”并不表示“要某事被别人做”,而是表示“经历……,遭受……”。

They got their roof blown off in the storm last night.昨晚的暴风雨把他们的房顶给掀掉了。

5.have的用法(1)have+宾语+不带 to 的不定式:“使某人做某事”。

He had everybody fill out a form.他让所有的人都填了表。

(2)have+宾语+现在分词:“使某人一直……”。

She had us laughing all through the meal.在吃饭过程中,她使我们始终笑个不停。

(3)have+宾语+过去分词:“使……被(他人)做”。

If you don't get out of my house I'll have you arrested.如果不离开我的房子,我就让人把你抓起来。

(4)have sb.do,have sb.doing,have sb./sth.done 还可以表示“经历某个事件或行动,遭遇……”(句子的主语不是动作的执行者)。

He had his left hand cut off when operating the machine.他在操作这种机器时左手被切掉了。

It's lovely to have people smile at you in the street.街上,人们冲你微笑是件非常愉快的事。

6.look,seem 和 appear(1)look 强调由视觉得出的印象,意为“看上去,看起来”。

He looks very strong.他看上去很强壮。

(2)seem 表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断,这种判断可靠性较大。

It seems as though there's no way out of our difficulty.似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。

(3)appear 表示外表给人的印象,这种印象可能是靠不住的、虚假的。

He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.他看起来像你的朋友,但我怀疑他是否真是。

[注意] (1)look 常用结构:look+adj./v.-ed,look+n.;look+介词短语;(2)seem 常用结构:seem+分词/adj.,seem+n.,seem+介词短语;seem to do,It seems that 从句。

7.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)This photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学校生活。

The people of the town were warned of the danger offlooding.该镇居民接到有洪水危险的警告。

8.可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的常用动词blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)Forgive me for saying so,but I think that's nonsense.原谅我这样说,但是我认为没意义。

I don't blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。

2、常用动词短语1.actact as 充当,担任 act for 代表,代理act out 表演(指用行动、动作表达)2.addadd in 算入,包括 add to 增加,加到add up 加起来,总计 add up to 总计,共达3.agreeagree on 就……达成共识 agree to 同意(建议等)agree with 同意;与……一致,适合于4.breakbreak away from 脱离break down 坏掉;出故障;垮掉break into 闯入,破门而入break out (战争)爆发break in 破门而入break off 打断;中断break through 逾越,突破;冲破break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止(2009·四川高考)—How about your journey to Mount Emei?—Everything was wonderful except that our car twice on the way.A.slowed downB.broke downC.got downD.put down选 句意:——峨眉山之游感觉如何啊?——其他都很好,就是我们的车抛锚了两次。

slow down放慢(速度),(使)减速;break down损坏,(健康等)垮掉,崩溃;get down 下来,写下,使沮丧;put down记下。

故选B。

5.bringbring about 导致,引起 bring down 降低;使倒下bring forth 结果,生产,产生 bring forward 提出;提前bring back 把……带回来;使忆起;使恢复bring on 引起;使发展;提出(论点等)供讨论bring out 使显出;使(意义等)明白表示出来bring up 养育,培养;呕吐;提出6.callcall for 需要;邀请 call on/at 号召;访问call in 召集;召来 call up 召唤,召集;打电话call off 取消(2009·福建高考)The Somali robbers' frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action.A.fight forB.apply forC.call onD.wait on选 句意:索马里海盗经常在海上袭击(轮船)促使联合国号召所有国家立即采取行动。

fight for为……而战;apply for申请;call on 号召;wait on服侍,招待,拜访。

故选C。

7.carrycarry off 获胜;成功做成(困难之事)carry through 帮助渡过难关;完成,实现carry on 继续,坚持 carry out 执行carry back 使记 carry away 失去理智ecome about 发生 come across 偶遇come to 共计,达到,苏醒 come true 变为现实come up 走上前,被提出 come up with 提出come along 一起来 come into being 形成;产生come into power 上台;执政 come to light为人所知come out 结果是;出来;出版;开花come on (表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来;快;得了9.cutcut down 砍倒 cut in 插嘴;突然插入cut up 切碎 cut off 隔绝;切断;中止10.diedie off 相继死去 die out 死光,灭绝die away (风、声音)渐渐消失die down (风、雨等)逐渐平息die of 死于(疾病,情感,年老等)die from 死于(尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)11.getget about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达get away 逃脱,设法离开 get down 下来;记下get in 收割;到达 get off 出发;下班get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服get along/on with 进展;相处(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)I tried phoning her office,but Icouldn't .A.get alongB.get onC.get toD.get through选 本题考查动词词组。

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