D. working sheet D. equipment depreciation C. capital budgeting. A. time deposits A. the initial cost of the project can be reduced. C. notes payable B. sunk A. I and III only C. salaries payable D. product producing C. initial public offering (IPO). A. total A. future value D. (1+8%/2)2-1 B. $295,000 D. collecting accounts receivable faster A. m D. common stock A. gross profit margin A. liquidity ratios B. degree to which the net present value reacts to changes in a single variable.B. the transaction is complete and the goods or services delivered.A. Return on equity A. general economic risk D. It does not include depreciation.C. Interest. B.$108 B. $37.62 B. Corporate investment decisions have nothing to do with financial markets,A. Financial management A. double taxation of dividends D. compound interest D. The market is overvaluing the stock.B. approximately 10 B.640,000 D. issue common stock.A. Net profit margin ×Total asset turnover ×Equity multiplier B.bond issuing C. capital budgeting B. marketability A. future value流动比率Current ratio= Current assets/ Current liabilities=1.91速动比率Quick ratio=( Current assets- Inventory)/ Current liabilities=1.27应收账款周转率Accounts receivables turnover ratio=Sales/Accounts receivable=4.37债务比率Debt ratio= Total liabilities/ Total assets=50.3%资产收益率Return on assets= Net income/ Total assets=3.45%Price/earnings ratio= Market price per share/ Earnings per share=45.83Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities = 1.1Total debt ratio =(Total assets – Total equity) / Total assets = 0.58Total asset turnover = Sales / Total assets = 0.27Profit margin = Net income / Sales = 0.22Equity multiplier = Total assets / Total equity = 2.375ROA= Net income / Total assets = 0.061ROE= Net income / Total equity = 0.1452) ROE= Profit margin * Equity multiplier * Total assets turnover = 14.56%Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. Other names for financial management include managerial finance, corporate finance, and business finance. Making financial decisions is an integral part of all forms and sizes of business organizations from small privately-held firms to large publicly-traded corporations财务管理是一个通过收购、融资和资产管理来完成一些企业总体目标的综合决策过程。

财务管理的其他名称包括管理财务、公司理财和商业理财。

财务决策对于小型私人公司和大型上市公司来说，都是企业组织形式和规模的重要组成部分。

A corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. This means that the corporation can own assets, enter into contracts, sue and be sued. Being a separate legal entity also implies that corporate income is taxable, thus giving rise to double taxation, i.e., corporate tax on profits plus personal tax on after-corporate-tax profits distributed to shareholders (the exception being a full imputation system).There is a separation of ownership (shareholders) and control (managers). Shareholders who hold shares in a corporation own the corporation. Shares represent a claim to corporate profits, which are distributed in the form of dividends, share repurchases, or acquisition payout, (e.g., management buyouts and tender offers). Shareholders have limiter liability.有限公司是与其所有者分开的一个法人实体。

这意味着公司可以拥有资产、签订合同、起诉和被起诉。

作为一个独立的法人实体也意味着要对企业收入征税，从而引起双重征税，如企业所得税加上企业税后利润分配给股东的股利所要交的个人所得税。

公司制形成了所有权与经营权分离。

持有公司股份的股东拥有公司的所有权。

所有者享有公司的利润，以股利、股票回购或收购（如管理层收购和要约收购）的形式回馈给所有者。

股东承担有限责任。

The values of most items reported on a firm’s balance sheet are reported in terms of their accounting book values, which are based on historical cost or original value. The historical cost of an asset is the price paid when the firm acquires the asset. The historical cost of liability is the amount involved when the firm incurs the liability.公司资产负债表报告的价值大部分都是账面价值，账面价值基于历史成本或原始价值。

资产的历史成本是公司购买资产时支付的价格。

负债的历史成本是公司负有偿还责任时的金额。

Firms with complex capital structures have potentially dilutive securities such as convertible securities, options ,and warrants that could potentially dilute earnings per share(EPS). These firms must report both basic and diluted earnings per share figures. The diluted earnings figure per share provides a more conservative earnings estimate by assuming that the total shares of common stock in the denominator include all shares of common stock plus potential shares from the likely future conversing of outstanding convertible securities, stock options, and warrants.复杂的资本结构意味着公司有潜在稀释性证券，如可转换债券、期权和认股权证都会潜在的稀释每股收益。