风电特许权项目与电价问题WIND POWER CONCESSION PROJECTS AND THE ISSUE OF PRICE绿色和平组织风电电价课题组报告人施鹏飞北京，2006年10月20日Research team on wind power priceSupported by GreenpeacePresented by Shi PengfeiBeijing, 20 October 2006风电电价水平Level of Wind Power Pricen政府审批电价（经营期平均电价）n项目投产前按照可行性研究结果核定电价，在经营期间还要再审核，具有不确定性。
n2005年底中国风电场上网电价最高1.2元/kWh，最低0.40元/kWh。
n Government approval price (Average price in Business cycle)n Before the project construction completed, the approval based on the results of feasibility study, during the business cycle it could be reviewed and maybe changed, keep the uncertainties for investors.n By the end of 2005, wind power price in China the highest up to1.2 yuan/kWh, the lowest was 0.4 yuan/kWh.风电电价水平Level of Wind Power Pricen招标电价（累计等效满负荷小时数30000以内的电量，其余按当时平均上网电价）n2003年到2006年共有11个风电特许权项目招标，中标上网电价最高0.5190元/kWh，最低0.3820元/kWh。
n Bidding price (Cumulative electricity production within full load hours of 30000, the rest will be the average power price at that time)n During 2003 to 2006 there are 11 wind power concession projects called for bid, the winners offered price are very low in general, the highest is 0.5190 yuan/kWh, the lowest is 0.3820 yuan/kWh.价格种类Pricing systemsn固定电价n因其容易操作和实施效果好，是比较适合中国采用的制度。
nn招标电价n在英国实施10年合同履行率过低以及对产业发展不利。
nn Fixed tariff systemn It is more appropriate to be adopted in China, as it is easy to implement and operate.nn Tendering tariff systemn It has brought many problems, especially the issue of low contract implementation rate and its negative impact on the industry development.价格种类Pricing systemsn配额制等市场电价体系n需要以整个完善的竞争化的电力市场为前提。
nn绿电制度n前提条件是社会经济发展到一定水平和全民高度的环保意识。
nn Quota (Mandated Market Share) and market price systemsn Need a complete commercialized power market as the precondition.nn Green power systemn The condition is that the society develops to a certain standard and the citizen has a high level of environment awareness.风电特许权招标项目Bidding for wind power concession projectsn国家发展改革委推行风电特许权项目，大规模商业化发展风电。
2003年到2006年，中标项目规模合计2450MW。
n The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is promoting wind power Concession projects, for large scalecommercial wind power development.n2003, 2 projects, 200 MWn2004, 3 projects, 650 MWn2005, 3 projects, 600 MWn2006, 3 projects, 1000 MWn Total 2450MW风电特许权招标项目Bidding for wind power concession projectsn主要内容n MAJOR COMPONENTSn通过公开招标选择投资商，承诺最低上网电价者（2005年改变）中标。
n风电特许权项目特许期为25年。
n Investor will be selected by public bidding procedure, the bidder offering the lowest price (changed since 2005) wouldobtain the contract.n The period of wind power Concession will be 25 years.风电特许权招标项目Bidding for wind power concession projectsn主要内容n MAJOR COMPONENTSn省电网公司要按照与中标人签订的购电合同收购风电项目全部电量。
n风电与常规电源的电价差在省电网内分摊（2006年起在全国分摊）。
n All electricity generated by wind project must be purchased by provincial power grid company according to Power Purchase Agreement signed with the winner.n The increment cost of wind power will be shared within provincial power grid (nationwide since 2006)风电特许权招标项目Bidding for wind power concession projectsn主要内容n MAJOR COMPONENTSn项目执行两段制电价政策。
n第一段电价执行期为风电场累计上网电量在等效满负荷小时数30000以内，执行中标人的投标电价。
n第二段电价执行当时电力市场中的平均上网电价。
n Two different price will be gained by the winner.n The first phase cumulative electricity production equivalent to 30,000 full load hours, price will be the bidding price offered by the winner;n The second phase will be the average price on the power market at that time.电价Price中标上网电价（含中标商全称n北方联合–北方联合电力有限责任公司n北国电–北京国际电力新能源有限公司n国华–国华能源投资有限公司n华电国际–华电国际电力股份有限公司n华能–华能新能源环保产业控股有限公司n华睿–华睿投资集团有限公司n龙源–龙源电力集团公司n粤电–广东省粤电集团有限公司n中电投–中国电力投资集团公司n中广核–中国广东核电集团n中节能–中国节能投资公司Price offered by winners (including 8.5% of VAT and 33%Full English name of the winnersn Bei Fang Lian He –Beifang Lianhe Power Co. Ltd.n Bei Guo Dian –Beijing International New Energy Co., Ltd.n Guo Hua–Guohua Energy Investment Corporationn Hua Neng–HUANENG New Energy Co., Ltd.n Hua Rui–Farsighted Groupn Long Yuan –China LONG YUAN Electric Power Group Corp.n Yue Dian –Guangdong YUDEAN Power Co., Ltd.n Zhong Dian Tou–China Power Investment Corporationn Zhong Guang He –China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group Co. n Zhong Jie Neng –China Energy Conservation Investment Co.Winner price vsBidding for wind power concession projectsn负面影响NEGATIVE IMPACTSn为了中标投标商承诺非常低的电价，最低只有0.3820元/kWh，对风电产业没有激励作用。
n项目亏损不能提供所得税，不利于地方经济发展。
n The winner offered extremely low price, 3.8 Euro cents, no incentive to the wind industry.n The projects not profitable, no income tax contribute to local economic development.Bidding for wind power concession projectsn负面影响NEGATIVE IMPACTSn低的上网电价导致建设期间采购质量差的设备，增加在运行期发生的风险。