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语法 高考英语“ 代词 ”考点一遍过,超全考点梳理+易错点拨!

代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1. 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。

请看下表:2. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

请看下表3. 反身代词可见下表指示代词有:this, that, these, those疑问代词有:who, whom whose, what, which,还有疑问副词:when, how, where, why。

不定代词主要有:some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…1. 物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词:作定语,相当形容词,不能单独使用,后面必须加名词;名词性物主代词:不作定语,相当名词词组,可单独使用,后面不须加名词。

如:Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.(形容词性物主代词)Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)2. 反身代词的用法teach oneself 自学speak/say to oneself 自言自语by oneself独自地help oneself to 随便吃……enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 请自便3. 指示代词的用法: 主要有四个,即this, that, these 和those1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:单数复数限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers.♣1, 为避免重复,可用that 和those 代替前面提到的名词。

如:The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor.我的座位在市长座位旁边。

♣2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用this .如:——She is a beautiful girl.——Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful?♣3. 在打电话时,通常用this 指自己,用that指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?4. 疑问代词的用法疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句。

注意:1. what与which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用which;当选择的范围不明确时,用what。

如:Which color do you like, red, black or white?红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?What color is your car?你的汽车是什么颜色的?5. 不定代词的用法1)定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2)种类英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere),no(nothing,nobody,no one),every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。

♣1. some和any的比较不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。

some一般用于肯定句中;any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.♣注意:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some 而不用any。

如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?一、人称代词1.人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下四种情况:①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。

—Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。

(me是宾格,故用her替代)③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。

如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别:I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him,too.2.两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:在并列主语中,"I"总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。

宾格me也一样。

You,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.1.(2018·新课标卷II·短文改错)As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。

偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。

故把us改为me。

2. (2018·新课标卷III·语法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。

二、物主代词1.注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

2.one’s own...=...of one’s own句式的转换。

3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。

take sb.by the arm,be wounded in the leg三、反身代词1.反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

2.反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。

devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快活feel oneself觉得正常3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己;独立地of oneself自然地;自动地by oneself独自地in oneself本身1.(2019·新课标卷III·短文改错)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.【答案】yourselves改为themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。

customers是句子的主语,故把yourselves改为themselves。

2.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词。

句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。

本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。

故填myself。

3.(2018·新课标卷III·短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。

表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。

四、相互代词(each other,one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。

其所有格分别为each other’s,one another’s,作定语。

一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。

五、指示代词(this,that,these,those,such,same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。

①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.②this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。

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