第一讲名词（Nouns）一、定义：名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词叫名词。

它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。

1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词——可以计数的人、事物的名词(个体名词，集体名词)不可数名词——不可以计数的事物的名词（物质名词和抽象名词）试着区分一下下列的词:milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgerice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings jam2、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

可数名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面需加冠词a或an。

1）单数如a desk（一张桌子）an old desk（一张旧书桌）2）复数：当要表示两个以上或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式4.名词单数变复数的不规则变化:课堂练习: 写出下列名词的复数形式。

movie life knife fry leaf photo radio pianozoo tomato potato bus watch box bookmap cat film door month horse picture classboy tooth woman eye goose German Chineseman football child classroom monkey Frenchman不可数名词一.定义:不可以计数的名词叫不可数名词,包括物质名词(无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(抽象概念的词)二.不可数名词特点：1.不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与a, an及数词连用，常作单数看待。

(当它做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式)例：water There’s some water in the bottle.food My favorite food is noodles.3. 常考的不可数名词Sugar（糖）work, fruit, harm, wealth(财富) , baggage（行李）, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair（头发）, homework（家庭作业）, information（信息）, knowledge（知识）, luggage（行李）,money（钱）,news （消息）,progress（进步）,traffic（交通）,fun（乐趣）,weather（天气）,music（音乐）,Health（健康）,luck （好运）,water（水）,time（时间）,rain（雨）,truth（真相）,ice（冰）课堂练习:1.可数：_________________________________________________________2.不可数：__________________________________________________________名词所有格一.定义:表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。

3．名词的双重所有格：'s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成"of＋所有格"形式，即双重的所有格。

它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与"one of．．．"相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。

此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。

它的主要形式如下：1．名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。

例如：a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历2．名词＋of＋'s所有格例如：He is a friend of my sister's．（＝one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友。

Look at that long nose of Jack's．看杰克的那个长鼻子。

（感情色彩）试比较：a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张（本人）的照片a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片此外，不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。

例如：most of the students 学生中的大多数three of them 他们中的三个人I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书。

Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？课堂练习:汤姆的叔叔男孩的书包男厕所教师节那两个女孩的妈妈露西和莉莉的自行车（各自所有）露西和莉莉的卧室（共同拥有）三、's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别请仔细比较下面三句话：1．She is Mary's brother's friend．2．She is a friend of Mary's brother．3．She is a friend of Mary's brother's．1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。

2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。

3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。

【实例解析】1. These _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor答案：C。

该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。

woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。

2. This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne’s and Jane’sC. Anne’s and JaneD. Anne and Jane’s答案：D。

该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。

两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。

3. ---Are there any ________ on the farm?---Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep答案：D。

该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。

从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。

只有sheep可用作复数名词。

4. ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea答案：C。

该题考查的是名词的类别。

三种东西中只有tea能喝。

课堂练习:1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.课后练习:练习:（一）Ⅰ. 写出下列单词的复数形式：boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife- footbaby- family- man- woman- child- tooth-goose- mouse- sheep- peach- picture- Chinese-this- is- that- box-II. 划出下列单词中的不可数名词:meat shirt food knife snow water ice tea orange truck car ear bread milk eraser clothesⅥ. 翻译下列词组：一瓶汽水一杯茶一副眼镜两杯桔子汁六瓶水练习（二）1. The study of ( ) can be very interesting.A. historyB. historiesC. a historyD. the history2. They like to eat ( ) of the restaurantA. fishes and beefB. fish and beefC. fish and beefsD. fishes and beefs3. We think he has a very happy ( ).A. familyB. familiesC. houseD. houses.4. What she lacks is ( ).A. experiencesB. a experienceC. an experienceD. experience5. ( ) is expensive these days.A. The beerB. A beerC. BeerD. Beers6．The whole class often ( ) the old do some cleaning.A. helpB. requireC. helpsD. requires7. ( ) grazing on the meadow.A. The cattle wasB. The cattles wereC. The cattle wereD. A cattle was8. Toward evening, ( ) came, which made things even worse.A. cold rainB. the cold rainC. a cold rain9. I have _______ to do on Sundays.A. Many houseworkB. much houseworkC. Many houseworksD. much housework10. How much are the _____?A. BreadB. meatsC. potatoesD. tomatoes11. Three months _____a long time for me .A.IsB.areC.haveD.has12. There are ___and ___on the table.A. Two boxes cake ; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake ;four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD. two box of cakes ;four bottles of oranges13．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?--- Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters14．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.A. toothB. feetC. handD. ear15．There is some _______ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears16．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.A. GermenB. GermanyC. GermanysD. Germans17．The______ has two _______ .A. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. boy; watchesD. boys; watch18．The little baby has two _______ already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths19．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.A. woman and childrenB. women and childC. woman and childD. women and children20．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.--- Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UPD.NO SMOKING21. There are some ________ on the hill.A. sheepsB. a sheepC. sheepD. sheepes7. How many _____ are there in your class ?A. JapaneseB. AmericanC. AustralianD. Canadian22. How much are the _____ ?A. breadB. meats.C. potatosD. tomatoes23. There are many ______ in our school.A. woman teachersB. woman's teachersC. women teachersD. women's teachers24. Three months ________ a long time for me.A. isB. areC. haveD. has25.There are five_____ in the hill.A.sheepB.sheeps C: goose D.deers26. Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do练习二.请写出下列词的复数形式。