信息学院毕业设计科技文献翻译《 Technique》《技术》姓名刘博文专业计算机科学与技术学号 ************ 班级计算机科学与技术01班指导教师刘乃丽2015年 3月 TechniqueAnd not only being Active Server Page (ASP) next edition, be that a kind of builds the procedure truss on General Purpose Language , can be used to build Web application big and powerful coming one Web server. provides a lot of bigger and powerful than Web now exploitation pattern advantage.Carry out wide efficiency rise is that General Purpose Language-based procedure is run on the server. Carry out compiling , carry out effect , certainly compete with each other in a bar like this when working first unlike that before ASP explaining procedure immediately, but being that procedure is held in the server make an explanation strong many.The world-level implement holds outThe truss is to be able to use up to the minute product of Microsoft (R) company Visual exploitation environment to carry out exploitation , WYSIWYG (what What You See Is What You Get is gains) editor. These are only strong-rization one fraction of software support.Big and powerful and adaptabilityIts big and powerful and adaptability compiling and translating working procedure , reason why because of is General Purpose Language-based, on being able to make it run 2000 Server applying the upper (author of nearly all platform of software developer to Web knowing it can only use in Windows up to now only). General Purpose Language fundamental warehouse , information mechanism, data interface treatment all can have no integrating sewing applying middle to the Web. is also that language-independent language melts on one's own at the same time, reason why, you can choose one kind of the procedure being fit to compile and compose you coming your language most , your procedure is written or coming using very various language, (the association having C # C + + and Java) , VB , Jscript already holding out now. Such various programlanguage associate ability protects your COM + exploitation-based procedure now in the future, the transplanting being able to entirely faces .Simplicity and easy to learn is that dignity verifies , the distribution system and website allocation become very simple run a few very common missions submit customer whole course of if the form is single. That the for example page of face truss allows you to found your own consumer interface, makes the person be unlike the common VB-Like interface. Besides, that General Purpose Language facilitates exploitation makes to become simple accommodating oneself to of software combining with a code like assembling a computer.High-effect but administrationThat uses one kind of character basis's , classification's deploys system , makes your server environment and the application interposition especially simple. Because of allocation information all preserves in simple version , new interposition has an implement to may all do not need to start local administrative person can come true. That this is called "Zero Local Administration philosophy concept makes because of applicative exploitation more concrete, and rapid. A application requires that simple copy few must get a document , not requiring that systematic again starting , everything are that such is simple in systematic installation of one server.Many processor environments reliabilityThe quilt already designs painstakingly becoming one kind of the exploitation implement being able to be used for many processor , it uses peculiar seamless the speed linking a technology , very big rise being run to sew under many processor environments. Even if that your now applies a software is to be that one processor is development many processor do not require that any changes the efficacy being able to improve them when working, but ASP now cannot achieve indeed in the future this one point.Certainly definition, and augmentabilityWhen is designed have considered the module let website develop a personnel to be able to be hit by self definition plug-in in self code. This is different from original inclusion relation , can add self definition's how module. Website procedure exploitation has been all along not so simple.SecurityOwing to that the Windows attestation technology and every application deploying , you can be true your plain procedure is now and then absolutely safe.The grammar to a great extent with ASP compatible, it provides one kind of new programming model and structure at the same time , may generate flexibility and much better application of stability , provide the much better safeguard and. Add the function gradually in being able to pass in now available ASP application, function strengthening ASP application at any time. is that one already has compiled and translated, because of. The NET environment, runs General Purpose Language-based procedure on the server. Carry out compiling when procedure is held in the server working first, than ASP makes it snappy immediately on INTERP speed many. And be to be able to use any and. Compatible language of NET (includes Visual Basic. NET , C # and Jscript. NET.) Create application. Besides, any application all can be put into use entire. NET Framework. The personnel who develops can gain these technology merit conveniently , include the trusteeship common language running warehouse environment , type safety , inheriting and so on among them. can edit an implement seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML and weave the Cheng implement other (including Microsoft Visual Studio. NET) works together. Page of GUI and completely integrated debugging this not only feasible Web is developed to go to the lavatory especially, and can provide all merit that these implements provide be obliged to , include Web developing a personnel to be able to be used server control drag and drop to be arrived at hold out.While establishing application, the personnel who develops can use the Web window body or XML Web services , carry out combination or with any way that they regard as rightly. That every function all can get the same architectural support, makes you be able to use dignity to verify a scheme , the data that slow exist often uses, carries out self definition on the application allocation or.2. Building PagesA and the .NET Framework is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your pages.The .NET Framework Class LibraryImagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your pages.Understanding NamespacesAs you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.ASP Classic NoteIn previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). , in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:System.IO.FileSystem.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class. NOTEYou can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework. Standard NamespacesThe classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) Thesedefault namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your applications:System—Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.System.Collections—Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.System.Collections.Specialized—Contains classes that represent specialized collections such as linked lists and string collections.System.Configuration—Contains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files).System.Text—Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.System.Text.RegularExpressions—Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations.System.Web—Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.System.Web.Caching—Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.System.Web.Security—Contains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.System.Web.SessionState—Contains classes for implementing session state.System.Web.UI—Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of pages.System.Web.UI.HTMLControls—Contains the classes for the HTML controls.System.Web.UI.WebControls—Contains the classes for the Web controls..NET Framework-Compatible LanguagesFor purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create pages by using any language that supportsthe .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, , and the Managed Extensions to C++.NOTEThe CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write pages using COBOL.Regardless of the language that you use to develop your pages, you need to understand that pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that pages can execute very quickly.The first time you request an page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary Files. For each and every page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary Files directory. Whenever you request the same page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.When an page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.An page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.ASP CLASSIC NOTEWhat about VBScript? Before , VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages. does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality ofVBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.NOTEMicrosoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the classes in the Temporary Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.This tool also works with all the controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).Introducing Controls controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with controls.The best way to understand how controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.Adding Application Logic to an PageThe second building block of an page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the pagethat does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.3. Building Forms with Web Server ControlsBuilding Smart FormsYou use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.Controlling Page NavigationIn the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.Applying Formatting to ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.4. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls Using Client-side ValidationTraditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a valuein a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator ControlYou use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList.Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator ControlYou can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.Comparing Values: The CompareValidator ControlThe CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary ControlImagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top ofa page, or wherever else you want.5. Advanced Control ProgrammingWorking with View StateBy default, almost all controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.Displaying and Hiding ContentImagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabledproperties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.Using the Visible and Enabled PropertiesEvery control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for either pre-rendering or rendering.Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.Disabling View StateIn certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.Using Rich ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads.英文翻译ASP,NET技术英文作者：UNKNOWN 翻译：刘博文2015年4月摘要：这篇文章是关于的介绍.。