层序地层学基本原理
Erosion Onlap
Toplap Lower boundary
Concordant
Downlap
Concordant
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Upper boundary
Erosional truncation Termination of strata against an overlying erosional surface. It implies either the development of erosional relief or the development of an angular Unconformity; truncation is more extreme than toplap which often terminates beneath erosional truncation (Emery, 1996)
有陆架坡折的I型层序结构及形成过程
高水位体系域 加积、前积
海(湖)进体系域 退积
海海高低平( 水湖面位)下进体降体,系系侵域域蚀
坡折带
下切河谷充填
海(湖)岸平原砂岩和泥岩
浅海(湖)砂岩
高
陆架和陆坡泥岩及薄砂岩 程
盆底扇和有堤河道砂岩
密集段沉积 I 型层序界面
准层序
SP RES
100FT on)
可容纳空间是指可供沉积的、潜在的沉积 物堆积的空间(Jervey, 1988)。可容纳空间是 海平面升降变化和构造沉降二者的函数。
为当今层序地层学的发展提供了
概念基础
概念萌芽阶段(1948-1977)―层序概念建立阶段
P.R.Vail(1977)等人编著的
《地震地层学》为标志
全球海平面变化具有相对一致性,
海平面变化控制了层序发育的观点 应用地震资料及钻测井资料预测和 确定盆地地层结构、沉积相类型和 区域分布
产生了一次重大的飞跃
层序概念建立阶段
孕育阶段(pregnant) 1977-1988
地震地层学形成 和发展阶段
理论系统化阶段 1988年-现至(synthetical)
层序地层学 综合发展阶段
Sloss、Krumbein和Dapples(1948)
同时提出的地层层序概念标志
Sloss( 1963)等人
将北美克拉通前寒武晚期至全新 世地层划分成以区域不整合面为 边界的六套地层层序
Increasing subsidence causes increasing rise of relative sea level.
+
Subsidence + Eustatic Sea Level
= Relative Sea Level
=
Relative sea-level curve derived from addition of a uniform subsidence rate and a sinusoidal change in eustatic sea-level.
Downlap
Baselap
A term describing termination of strata along the lower boundary of a depositional sequence, used only where discrimination between onlap and downlap is difficult or impossible (Mitchum, AAPG Memoir 26).
Concordance
Low Boundary
Onlap A base-disconcordant relation in which initially horizontal strata terminate progressively against an initially inclined surface, or in which initially inclined strata terminate progressively updip against a surface of greater initial inclination (Mitchum, AAPG Memoir 26).
SP RES
时间
低水位体系域 低水位楔,前积
低水位体系域 盆底扇、斜坡扇
地震地层学简介
Seismic Stratigraphy
The study of stratigraphy and depositional facies as interpreted from seismic reflection data.
层序地层学改变了分析地层记录的基本原则, 是地质学的一次革命
Sequence stratigraphy changes the basic rules of stratigraphic Analysis.It is a revolution in modern geology
1、消除了地层学中长期存在的年代地层学、岩石地层学与生物地层 学单位的三重命名的混乱现象
100 msec
100 msec
Incised Valley
1320 msec
1 km
Later Canyon Cut
Late Lowstand Wedge (Prograding Complex)
Surface C
Surface D
Surface B
Early Lowstand Wedge (Channel-Levee Complex)
层序地层学基本原理
赵中贤
报告目录
层序地层学的基本概念 层序地层学的发展历史 层序形成理论 地震地层学简介 层序地层学的基本术语
层序地层学的概念
层序地层学(sequence stratigraphy)是研究 一套由不整合面及其相应的整合面为边界的、 具有成因联系的年代地层格架内岩层间相互关 系的一门学科。主要是根据露头、岩心、地震 与测井等地质与地球物理资料,结合有关沉积 环境和岩相古地理解释,对地层层序格架进行 地质综合解释, P.R.Vail等人(1988) 。
Lapout: lateral termination of a stratum at its original depositional limit.
Toplap
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Mark toplap
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Upper Boundary
Concordance Parallelism of strata to sequence boundaries, with no consequent stratal terminations against the boundary surfaces (Mitchum, AAPG Memoir 26).
.
Erosional truncation
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Erosional truncation
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Upper Boundary
Toplap Termination or lapout of strata against an overlying surface mainly as a result of no deposition (sedimentary bypassing) with perhaps only minor erosion (Mitchum, AAPG Memoir 26).
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Onlap
Downlap
A base-discordant relation in which initially inclined strata terminate downdip against an initially horizontal or inclined surface (Mitchum, AAPG Memoir 26).
地震层序 Seismic Sequence
在地震剖面上,顶底以地震反射终止为标志的不连续面 (被解释为不整合面及相关整合面)为界所限定的一套相 关的连续地震反射(被解释为成因相关的地层)。
A relatively conformable succession of reflections on a seismic section, interpreted as genetically related strata; this succession is bounded at its top and base by surfaces of discontinuity marked by reflection terminations and interpreted as unconformities or their correlative conformities.
Surface A (Base of Canyon)
(From Posamentier et al., 1991)
Reflector terminations defining the upper and lower boundaries of seismic sequences
Upper boundary
2、Galloway的成因层序地层学 3、T.A.Cross的高分辨率层序地层学
Vail经典层序地层学
A 层序为以不整合和与其对应的整合为界所限制的一套 成因上有联系的地层
B 海平面是控制层序形成和相分布的主要控制因素 C 构造运动、全球海平面、沉积物供给、气候变化为层
序发育的主要控制因素 D 层序内部地层的分布样式与体系域的划分 E 准层序和准层序组概念的提出
成因地层学(Galloway)等学派;