1.1 A pressure of 2⨯106N/m2 is applied to a mass of water that initially filled a 1,000cm3 volume. Estimate its volume after the pressure is applied.将2⨯106N/m2的压强施加于初始体积为1,000cm3的水上，计算加压后水的体积。
(999.1cm3)1.2 As shown in Fig.1-9, in a heating systemthere is a dilatation water tank. The whole volume ofthe water in the system is 8m3. The largesttemperature rise is 500C and the coefficient ofvolume expansion is αv=0.0005 1/K, what is thesmallest cubage of the water bank?如图1-10所示，一采暖系统在顶部设一膨胀水箱，系统内的水总体积为8m3，最大温升500C，膨胀系数αv=0.005 1/K，求该水箱的最小容积？(0.2m3) Fig. 1-9 Problem 1.21.3 When the increment of pressure is 50kPa, the density of a certain liquid is 0.02%. Find the bulk modulus of the liquid.当压强增量为50kPa时，某种液体的密度增加0.02%。
求该液体的体积模量。
( 2.5⨯108Pa)1.4 Fig.1-10 shows the cross-section of an oiltank, its dimensions are length a=0.6m, widthb=0.4m, height H=0.5m. The diameter of nozzleis d=0.05m, height h=0.08m. Oil fills to theupper edge of the tank, find:(1)If only the thermal expansioncoefficient αv=6.5⨯10-41/K of the oil tank isconsidered, what is the volume Fig.1-10 Problem 1.4of oil spilled from the tank when the temperature of oil increases from t1=-200C to t2=200C?(2)If the linear expansion coefficient αl=1.2⨯10-51/K of the oil tank is considered, what is the result in this case?图1-10为一油箱横截面，其尺寸为长a=0.6m、宽b=0.4m、高H=0.5m，油嘴直径d=0.05m，高h=0.08m。
由装到齐油箱的上壁，求：(1)如果只考虑油液的热膨胀系数αv=6.5⨯10-41/K时，油液从t1=-200C上升到t2=200C时，油箱中有多少体积的油溢出？(2)如果还考虑油箱的线膨胀系数αl=1.2⨯10-51/K，这时的情况如何？sleeve glides down freely (neglect air resistance).Fig. 1-11 Problem 1.51-11所示。
轴与套间充满了D=102mm，轴的外径d=100mm，。
试求套筒自由下滑时的最大速度为多少(不计空气kerosene at 200C (μ=4⨯10-3N∙s/m between two walls is given by u=1000y(0.01-y) m/s, where y is measured in metersPlot the velocity distribution and在两壁面间流动的速度分布由，壁面间距为1cm。
画出速度分布图，Fig. 1-12 Problem 1.7C) and the pressure gradient dp/dx is 1.6kN/m3, what is(u12=0.59m/s；τ12=20.8N/m2；u0=0；τ0=40.4N/m2)1.8What is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of air to that of water at standard pressure and T=200C? What is the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of air to water for the same conditions?在标准大气压、T=200C时，空气与水的动力粘度之比为多少？同样条件下它们的运动粘度之比又为多少？(μA/μW=0.0018；νA/νW=15.1)1.9 The device shown in Fig. 1-13 consists of a disk that is rotated bya shaft. The disk is positioned veryclose to a solid boundary. Betweenthe disk and boundary is viscous oil.(1)If the disk is rotated at a rateof 1 rad/s, what will be the ratio ofthe shear stress in the oil at r=2cm toFig. 1-13 Problem 1.9the shear stress at r=3cm?(2)If the rate of rotation is 2 rad/s, what is the speed of oil in contact with the disk at r=3cm?(3)If the oil viscosity is 0.01 N∙s/m2 and the spacing y is 2mm, what is the shear stress for the condition noted in (b)?图1-13所示装置由绕一根轴旋转的圆盘构成。
圆盘放置在与固体边界很近的位置。
圆盘与边界间为粘性油。
(1)如果圆盘的旋转速率为1 rad/s，问半径为r=2cm与r=3cm处的剪应力之比为多少？(2)如果旋转速率为2 rad/s，r=3cm处与圆盘接触的油层的速度为多少？(3)如果油的粘度为0.01 N∙s/m2、且间距y为2mm，(b)情况下的剪应力为多少？((1) 2:3；(2) 6cm/s；(3) 0.3Pa)1.10 As shown in Fig. 1-14, a conerotates around its vertical center axis atuniform velocity. The gap between two cones is δ=1mm. It filled with lubricant which μ=0.1Pa∙s. In the Figure, R=0.3m, H=0.5m, Fig. 1-14 Problem 1.10ω=16 rad/s. What is the moment needed to rotate the cone?如图1-14所示，一圆锥体绕竖直中心轴等速旋转，锥体与固定的外锥体之间的隙缝δ=1mm，其中充满μ=0.1Pa∙s的润滑油。
已知锥体顶面半径R=0.3m，锥体高度H=0.5m，当旋转角速度ω=16 rad/s 时，求所需要的旋转力矩。
(39.6N∙m)2.1 Two pressure gauges are located on the side of a tank that is filled with oil. Onegauge at an elevation of 48m above ground level reads 347 kPa. Another at elevation2.2m reads 57.5 kPa. Calculate the specific weight and density of the oil.两个测压计位于一充满油的油箱的一侧。
一个测压计高于地面的位置高度为48m，读数57.5 kPa。
另一个位置高度为2.2m，读数347kPa。
计算油的重度与密度。
(γ=6.32kN/m3,ρ=644kg/m3)2.2 Two hemispherical shells are perfectly sealed together, and the internal pressure is reduced to 20 kPa, the inner radius is 15 cm and the outer radius is 15.5 cm. If the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, what force is required to pull the shells apart?两半球壳完美密闭在一起，内压减至20 kPa，内径15 cm，外径15.5 cm。
如果大气压强为100 kPa，求要将半球拉开所需的力为多少。
(24.5kN)2.3 As shown in the figure, there is aquantity of oil with density of 800 kg/m3,and a quantity of water below it in a closedcontainer. If h1=300mm, h2=500mm, andh=400mmHg, find the pressure at the freesurface of the oil.如图所示，密闭容器中油的密度为800kg/m3，其下方为水。
如果h1=300mm,h2=500mm, 及h=400mmHg，求油的自由表面上的压强。
(46.1kPa) Problem 2.32.4 According to the diagram, one end of a tubeconnected to an evacuated container and the otherend is put into a water pool whose surface isexposed to normal atmospheric pressure. If hv=2m,what is the pressure inside of container A?如图，一根管子一端与一抽空的容器相连，另一端插入暴露于大气的水池中。