2019年托福写作素材：友谊与竞争
新托福写作素材：友谊与竞争
Friendly Competition?
It’s Not Just the Guys
Competition is a social process where people try their
best to do something better than others so they can win. Although most research on competition is focused on males,
it’s not just men who are obsessed with winning.Contrary to conventional wisdom, men and women can be equally competitive. However, women and men tend compete in different areas, which reduces the amount of cross-gender competition that might otherwise be apparent in everyday situations. A certain
amount of competition can be helpful when it motivates us,
but it can be harmful in personal relationships, resulting in stress and relational dissatisfaction.
Women Compete for Men
Research on competition among women tends to be focused
on females competing for males. For example, one study found that women tend to be more hostile toward women who dress in
a sexually provocative way and would be less likely to
befriend such women.
Competition Between Coworkers
There has been less research into female-female
competition in other domains, or male-female competition in any area. However, one recent study examined competition in
the work environment, looking at feelings ofjealousy between
coworkers. They found that for men, social dominance and good social skills evoked the most jealousy, followed by physical dominance; greater physical attractiveness in a coworker generated the lowest level of jealousy. For women, the
results were a bit different. Good social skills were the most jealousy-evoking, followed by social dominance and physical attractiveness, with physical dominance evoking the lowest level of jealousy. Interestingly, this effect was influenced by the presence of a same-sex supervisor, which seemed to boost competition and make rival coworker characteristics feel even more threatening.
Friends May Compete Against Each Other
Traditionally, competition is thought of as a rivalry in which the success of one requires the failure of the other. But competition between friends may be a different animal. Interpersonal competition is a dynamic, ongoing process, where individuals may vie to out-do one another in a multitude of domains. Male friends may compete in sports, academic success, income, or status at work. Female friends tend to compete in areas such as attractiveness, fashion sense, weight, financial status, and the success of their children.
Competition Can Be Unfriendly
The issue of competition between friends and colleagues is important because although competition canmotivate people to excel, it can also cause problems such as jealousy and envy. Trying to prove one’s superiority is personally threatening, therefore, competition can be harmful to a relationship at any stage of development. Relationships are。