1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)重要的=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)普遍的=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)丰富的=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)粘着，黏附=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)忽视=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)邻近的=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)追求=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)准确的=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)模糊的=peak, summit顶点=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)对手=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)谴责=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)观点=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation名声=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish建立=humiliate(do something or say something which makespeople feel ashamed or stupid)羞辱=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)抱怨=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental基本的=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)减轻，缓解=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel强迫=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)扩大，放大=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)复杂的23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her 孤独的=minuscule(very small), minute小的=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)赞扬=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly勤勉的=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)费力的，困难的，险峻的(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)贫瘠的=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)脆弱的，易碎的=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)展示=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)大的=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)避免=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)公平的=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)攻击=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!憎恨=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)毁坏=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)总是=perpetually, immutably永远的，永久的=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)惊愕，惊奇=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)热情，热忱=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)安静的=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)昂贵的=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive 浪费的，奢侈的=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)无聊的=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)尊敬=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)烦恼，担心=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)寒冷的=boiling(very hot)热的，沸腾的=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)危险的=currently当前，时下=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive 唯一的，特有的=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)停止=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)部分=consequence(the results or effects of something)结果=apparent, manifest明显的58.need=Require、necessitate、call for需要=fairly相当地，很=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)可怜的=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)领域=emerge(come into existence)出现，浮现，暴露=entire(the whole of something)全部的，整个的=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)潮湿的=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)错误的=formidable艰难的=convert(change into another form)改变，转变=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)典型的，精髓的=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)谨慎的，小心的=capacity, capability(the same as ability)能力=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)古怪的=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)富裕的= utilize (the same as use)使用，利用=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)可疑的=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)使满足=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)短暂的=fellowship奖学金=enraged(extremely angry)愤怒的=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)有臭味的=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)丑陋的=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)吸引人的=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)多种多样的=disarray使混乱=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way) 疯狂地=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achievessuccess quickly) 极速的=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual) 平凡的=notwithstanding(FORMAL) 尽管=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)最好的=acute(severe and intense)尖锐的，激烈的=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)不可置信的，不敢相信的=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it) 是迷惑=avenue(away of getting something done)手段=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) 着名的=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)古代的=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)装饰=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 可能的=consequently, accordingly 所以=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)稀有的=rapacious(greedy and selfish)贪婪的1.增补(Addition)in addition另外, furthermore此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外 , similarly, finally最后2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast)whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however 然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matterof fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of11.启承转合1)、启A proverb says...... At present.......As the proverb says.... Currently.....Generally speaking, .... Now,....In general, ..... On the Whole....It is clear that.... Recently.....It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......2)、承First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....In the first place, ......... Obviously.....To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,.........At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......In addition,..... What`s more, ..........In fact........ It can be easily proved that...Meanwhile......3)、转But... Still, ......But the problem is not so simple...There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.......However,....... To our surprise,..........Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......On the other hand, .......Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....4)、合Above all, In brief, ........Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........All in all, .......In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........As a consequence, ......... In short, .........As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........To conclude, ...... Finally, ........To sum up, ..... In a word, ......To summarize, ......,characters,folks替换(people,persons)？,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good？3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad？如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive替换？armyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewit hgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduat ion,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.？4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many.？注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词。