Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily LifePart One Viewing, Understanding and SpeakingVideo ScriptTopic: Psychology at the AirportSetting: the waiting room of the airport, the Information Desk, the coffee shop of the airport Characters: Mr. and Mrs. Strong, Mr. and Mrs. Green, an Agent at the Information Desk(Some passengers have been informed of the delay of their flight, while some other passengers have not.)(It’s now 6:05 in the afternoon. Mr. and Mrs. Strong are in the waiting room of an airport. Mr. Strong is reading a newspaper. Mrs. Strong is sitting there idly. Mr. and Mrs. Green approach them.)Mrs. Green: Excuse me, is this seat taken?Mrs. Strong: No, it’s not taken. Have a seat.(Mr. and Mrs. Green sit down next to Mr. and Mrs. Strong and Mr. Green takes out a book and begins to read it.)Mrs. Strong: My name is Strong… Molly Strong. Pleased to meet you.Mrs. Green: I’m Doris Green. How do you do?Mrs. Strong: Where are you going?Mrs. Green: We’re going to Copenhagen for our son’s wedding. It’s tomorrow morning.Mrs. Strong:Oh, congratulations! That’s nice. You must be very excited.Mrs. Green: You bet. I can hardly believe my little Jackie has grown up and is getting married.(She looks at her watch.) Now it’s 6:05 and the flight will take off in 50 minutes. Just imagine in nine hours I’ll see Jackie and my new daughter-in-law, Alice! I expect they’ll come and pick us up at the airport. What about you? Where are you going?Mrs. Strong: We are going to New York by TWA Flight 1070. Our daughter recently had a baby.My first grandchild.Mrs. Green: You must be thrilled.Mrs. Strong: Yeah, I can’t wait to see my dear grandson. This is him, Nick. (She takes out a picture of Nick and shows it to Mrs. Green.)Mrs. Green: (She looks closely at the photo.) He’s lovely!(Suddenly, a voice comes out through a loudspeaker.)(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen will be delayed. Attention, please.AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen will be delayed.)Mrs. Green: Oh, my goodness! What’s up? It seems the flight to Copenhagen won’t be on time.I’d better go and call Jackie about the delay.Mr. Green: (He looks up from the book.) No hurry. It doe sn’t say how long the flight will be delayed. Let’s wait and see.Mrs. Green: Well, OK, let’s wait a while.Mrs. Strong:Don’t worry. I’m sure things will turn out fine in the end.(Just at that time, another voice comes out through a loudspeaker.)(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TWA Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of mechanical problems. It’s stopping in Chicago for maintenance. We’ll keep you informed whenwe know more.)Mrs. Strong: Oh, no! Our flight is delayed as well.Mr. Strong: (He looks up from the newspaper.) Take it easy. It says the flight is overdue because of mechanical problems. I believe the mechanics will solve the problems soon.Mrs. Strong: Ok.(As time goes by, Mr. and Mrs. Green become more and more anxious. Mr. Green can’t read the book any more. He walks back and forth in the waiting room. Mrs. Strong is comforting Mrs. Green.)Mrs. Green: I can’t wait any more. It’s 7:15. We’ve been waiting for over an hour, but there’s been no further information. What on earth is happening?Mr. Green: Who knows! It could be bad weather, mechanical problems, a bomb threat, whatever. Mrs. Strong: Why don’t you go to the Information Desk and ask them about the causes of the delay?Mr. Green: That’s not a bad idea. Let’s go there now.(Mr. and Mrs. Green leave for the Information Desk.)Mrs. Strong: (to Mr. Strong.) I’ll go and buy some magazines.Mr. Strong: Go ahead. I’ll be here waiting for you.Mrs. Strong: OK.(Mrs. Strong stands up and goes around the airport. Mr. Strong continues reading the newspaper. Several minutes later, Mrs. Strong comes back with some magazines in her right hand.)Mr. Strong: What did you get?Mrs. Strong: Cosmo, Life and Good Housekeeping. Any further news about our flight yet?Mr. Strong: Nothing, up to now.(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TWA Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of a door problem. The mechanics expect that the door will be repaired in 30 minutes. We’llkeep you advised as we know more.)Mr. Strong: Well, it seems we have lots of time. Why not go and get a bite to eat?Mrs. Strong: Good idea. L et’s go to the coffee shop.(Mr. and Mrs. Green arrive at the Information Desk.)Mr. Green: Excuse me, can you tell me why AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen is delayed? (该句读成: light AA 644 is delayed for Copenhagen?) 请外研社改正!Agent:I’m sorry, sir, but we don’t have any further information about that.Mr. Green: Then how long will it be delayed?Agent: Sorry, sir. We really don’t know. You’ll just have to wait. We’ll infor m you through the loudspeaker as soon as possible.Mrs. Green: (saying angrily) We’ve been waiting for ages and there’s been no further information about the delay. How long will we have to wait? We are going to our son’s wedding. We can’t miss it.Agent: I understand how you feel, madam. We’ll try to find out the causes as soon as possible.(Mr. and Mrs. Green go back to the waiting room of the airport. Another 15 minutes later, they become increasingly impatient.)Mrs. Green: Isn’t it annoying! Nobody is telling us anything.Mr. Green: That’s the limit! I can’t bear it any longer. Let’s go and find seating on (错读成to)请外研社改正!an airline that flies to Copenhagen.Mrs. Green: Why not? We’re not getting any help from this airline.(Mr. and Mrs. Green leave the waiting room angrily.)(Mr. and Mrs. Strong are sitting leisurely at the coffee shop. Light music is on, and they feel very comfortable.)Mrs. Strong: (She looks at her watch.) Oh, time is flying. It’s a quarter to seven. Hurry up. The flight will be announced soon.Mr. Strong: Take your time. We’re in no great rush. We can hear the announcement here if there is one.(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TW A Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of mechanical problems. We are sorry to announce that the problems are more complex thaninitially expected. Those who are without luggage and need to leave right awaycan take TW A Flight 1120 at Gate 6. TW A Flight 1120 will leave from Gate 6 at7:45.)Mr. Strong: (He smiles.) See? Let’s go to take TWA Flight 1120.Mrs. Strong: Good.Exercise 1Directions: You’re going to watch a video which describe s what happened to two couples of the passengers at the airport. Read the following part carefully, which will make it easyfor you to understand the video.Exercise 2Directions: Now watch the video and pay attention to the information related to Mr. & Mrs.Strong and Mr. & Mrs. Green. Then match the information listed in the right columnwith the corresponding characters. Write down the letters in the space providedbelow the table.1) Mr. & Mrs. Strong2) Mr. & Mrs. Green A) They are going to Copenhagen to attend their son’s wedding.B) They are excited about the arrival of their first grandchild.C) Their flight is stopping in Chicago for maintenance.D) They are very anxious because they are not informed of thecauses of the delay.E) They wanted to get some help from an agent at the airport.F) They wait leisurely when they know how long it will take formechanics to solve the problem.G) They are angry at the service of American Airlines.H) They don’t have any luggage, so they can take another flightto their destination (目的地).I) They will board the plane at Gate 6.1) Mr. & Mrs. Strong __________________________2) Mr. & Mrs. Green __________________________Key to Exercise 21) Mr. & Mrs. Strong: B), C), F), H), I)2) Mr. & Mrs. Green: A), D), E), G)Exercise 3Directions: Watch the video again and answer the questions by completing the given sentences. 1) When will Mr. and Mrs. Green’s flight take off according to the schedule?At ________. (6:55)2) Where is Mr. and Mrs. Strong going?________ ________. (New York)3) Who is Nick?He is Mr. and Mrs. Strong’s ________ ________. (first grandchild)4) Why is TWA Flight 1070 delayed?It is overdue because of ________ ________. (mechanical problems/door problems)5) Why do Mr. and Mrs. Green go to the Information Desk?They go there to ask the reasons why ________ ________ ________ ________. (their flight is overdue/delayed)6) Where do Mr. and Mrs. Strong go to kill time?They go to ________ ________ ________. (the coffee shop)7) What do Mr. and Mrs. Green finally decide to do?They decided to request ________ ________ ________ ________ which flies to Copenhagen. (seating on another airline)8) Which flight will Mr. and Mrs. Strong take in the end?TWA Flight ________. (1120)Key to Exercise 31) 6:552) New York3) first grandchild4) mechanical problems/door problems5) their flight is overdue/delayed6) the coffee shop7) seating on another airline8) 1120Exercise 4Directions: Watch the video a third time. This time you are required to repeat a few important lines. What you have said will be recorded so that you can compare yourpronunciation and intonation with the speakers’. Try to imitate their pronunciationand intonation.Exercise 5Directions: Now you know people will get extremely impatient when they are not told what is going on. Please describe one of YOUR own experiences when you were kept waitingfor unknown reasons. Your description will be recorded so that your teacher will beable to know your performance. If you want to improve your work, try again beforeyou submit your recording.Part Two Listening, Understanding and SpeakingListening ITapescriptA potato farmer was sent to prison just at the time when he should have been digging the ground for planting the new crop of potatoes. He knew that his wife would not be strong enough to do the digging by herself, but that she could manage to do the planting; and he also knew that he did not have any friends or neighbors who would be willing to do the digging for him. So he wrote a letter to his wife which said, “Please do not dig the potato field. I hid the money and the gun there.”Ten days later he got a letter from his wife. It said, “I think somebody is rea ding your letters before they go out of the prison. Some policemen arrived here two days ago and dug up the whole potato field. What shall I do now?”The prisoner wrote back at once, “Plant the potatoes, of course.” (155 words)Exercise 1 (Online)Directions:Listen to the story and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.Key to Exercise 1: 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) F 5) F 6) FExercise 2(Online)Directions:Listen to the story again and complete the following statements with the information you get from the story.Key to Exercise 2:1) prison2) do the planting 3) ten days4) the money, the gun 5) plant the potatoesExercise 3Directions: Listen to the story a third time and note down what the husband said in his first letterand the wife’s reply. Then work in groups to complete the two letters. Read them to the class.Listening IIWords You Need to Know:TapescriptThe manager of a large office building received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He hired a group of engineers to study the situation. They suggested two solutions: 1. adding more lifts of the same type;2. replacing the lifts with faster ones.The manager decided that both suggestions were too expensive. So he asked a psychologist to study the problem. The psychologist noticed that many people felt angry and impatient because they thought they had to wait too long for the lift. However, the psychologist found that they had to wait only a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the reason they felt angry and impatient was that they had nothing to do while they were waiting for the lifts. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. This was adopted and complaints stopped immediately. The solution was to place a large mirror next to the lifts. (154 words)Exercise 1 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage and pay attention to the reason why people have complaints.Choose the statement that correctly explains the reason. Put a tick in front of thestatement in the space provided.Key to Exercise 1: 5)Exercise 2 (Online)Directions:Listen to the passage again and fill in the table with the information you get from the recording.Key to Exercise 2:1) the lift service2) engineers3) adding more lifts4) faster ones5) too expensive6) a psychologist7) placing a large mirror8) simple, inexpensive.Exercise 3Directions: Listen to the passage a third time and then discuss in groups to find out:1) the reasons why complaints stopped immediately after the solution was adopted;2) other possible solutions to the problem.Sample:1) The reason was that people could look in the mirror. They could have something to do while waiting for the lift and, of course, many people like to look at themselves in the mirror.2) Other possible solutions:a. to set up a picture gallery near the lift and change the pictures regularly;b. to put up-to-date newspapers on the wall;c. to open a small shop nearby where people can buy snacks;d. to put a shoe polisher (擦鞋器) there；e. to put a screen on the wall on which information about the stock exchange is shown;f. to play programs (e.g. news, short funny stories) on TV screens close to the lift.Part Three More ListeningPractice One I Can Have Her Here on Tuesdays and Thursdays.Words You Need to Know:constant不断的at each other’s throats激烈争吵therapy 治疗, 理疗resort方法therapist 治疗专家speechless 哑口无言的disbelief不相信TapescriptAfter just a few years of marriage, filled with constant arguments, a young man and his wife decided the only way to save their marriage was to try therapy. They had been at each other’sthroats for some time and felt that this was their last resort.When they arrived at the therapist’s office, the therapist j umped right in and opened the floor for discussion. “What seems to be the problem?” Immediately, the husband held his long face down without anything to say. On the other hand, the wife began describing all the wrongs within their marriage.After 5 -- 10 -- 15 minutes of listening to the wife, the therapist went over to her, picked her up by her shoulders, kissed her for several minutes, and sat her back down. Afterwards, the wife sat there--speechless.He looked over at the husband who was staring in disbelief at what had happened. The therapist spoke to the husband, “Your wife NEEDS that at least twice a week!”The husband scratched his head and replied, “I can have her here on Tuesdays and Thursdays.”(185 words) Exercise 1 (Online)Directions: Listen to the story and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.Key to Exercise 1:1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TExercise 2(Online)Directions: Listen to the story again and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the story.Key to Exercise 2:1) office 2) discussion 3) Immediately 4) long 5) describing6) wrongs 7) over 8) shoulders 9) minutes 10) satPractice Two Psychological SpaceWords You Need to Know:psychological心理的preference偏爱crib婴儿床cluster群集modify 更改TapescriptNot everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural preference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological space needs is important because they strongly influence your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, then it’s very likely that you will also provide separate bedrooms for your children. In America they train people to want their own private rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many cultures the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in a crib near their bed.The areas in the home where people meet also reveal a lot about psychological space needs. Some families cluster, and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little places where family members go to be alone.Although psychological space needs are not determined by economic factors, they sometimes have to be modified a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, tocompletely change your psychological space needs. (213 words)Exercise 1 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following phrases express the main ideaof the passage. Put a tick (√) in front of such items.Key to Exercise 1: B) E)Exercise 2 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage again and complete the following flow chart which shows thepassage structure. The arrow( ) means “influence”.Key to Exercise 2:Exercise 3 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage a third time and decide whether the following statements aretrue (T) or false (F) according to the passage. Write “T ” for true and“F ” for false in the space provided.Key to Exercise 3: 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) TPractice Three The Power of Color Words You Need to Know:organ 器官 appropriate 适当的 hormone 荷尔蒙, 激素bloodstream 血液，血流 mood 情绪 nerves 神经紧张 by contrast 对比之下 atmosphere 气氛 focused 集中注意力的 enhance 增进 reflective 反射的 violet 紫色 stimulate 激励 enliven 使有生气 intuitiveness 本能TapescriptWouldn ’t it be great if changing your mood was as easy as changing your clothes? Well,according to psychologists, it is--when you use the power of color.Here’s how it works: When you see a color, your brain sends a chemical message to an organ of your body, which pours the appropriate hormone into the bloodstream. So for instance, if you wear red, a color the brain finds exciting, it sends a signal which puts you in the mood for love.Blue has a calming effect on the nerves. Wear blue if you want to keep yourself cool during a busy day with the children. By contrast, orange creates a joyful atmosphere and focused activity. Also, yellow is a cheerful color reminding us of summer days, and it aids in decision-making. White, however, enhances brain power and a reflective mood. Violet is also a color which stimulates the mind toward creative thought. As well, it increases intuitiveness. Green is a relaxed color of springtime buds on trees, like springtime it also enlivens tired muscles. (203 words)Exercise 1 (Online)Directions:Listen to the passage and fill in each blank with the information you get from the passage.Key to Exercise 1:The colors you wear can make a big difference in the way you feel. When you see a color, your brain sends a chemical message,releasing the proper hormone into the bloodstream. A case in point is red , which the brain finds exciting . It sends a signal which will create a mood for love.Exercise 2 (Online)Directions:Listen to the passage again and fill in the table with the information you get from the passage.Practice Four Sensitive EarsWords You Need to Know:cast石膏lawnmower 割草机unhandicapped 无残疾的subject 接受实验者volunteer 志愿者；自愿去做annoy恼怒irritate使烦躁TapescriptTwo recent studies by psychologists suggest that noise can influence how nice we are to others. They experimented by giving people a chance to help someone in trouble. A person would see a man carrying two boxes filled with books. As the person came closer, the book carrier dropped several books. The other researcher observed whether the passer-by offered to help.When the noise level was normal, 20 percent of the passers-by helped. When the experimenter wore a cast on his arm, 80 percent offered help.But when a very noisy lawnmower was nearby, 10% of the passers-by helped the unhandicapped man, and 15 percent helped the man with a cast.It seemed that people were less helpful when it was noisy because they wanted to escape the noise. So the researchers set up a similar experiment in a situation where the subjects couldn’t leave.A student volunteer waited in a room before being called for the experiment he expected. The experimenter waited in the same room, holding some books. He dropped the books. The noise level in the room varied from normal to loud; 75% of the 52 students helped pick up the books under normal conditions, but only half that many volunteered when the room was noisy. Perhaps because of the distracting noise, the students didn’t notice and respond quickly to the book-dropping. Or perhaps the book-dropping further annoyed students already irritated by the noise, making them less likely to help out. (244 words)Exercise 1 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage and the questions that follow and answer them briefly by filling in the blanks.Questions for Exercise 11. What does the research suggest?2. How many experiments did the researchers perform?3. What did the researchers carry in both experiments?4. What kind of people took part in the experiments?5. How many experimenters did the subjects see in each experiment?Key to Exercise 1:1. Noise, how, nice2. Two3. Books4. Passers-by, student volunteers5. OneExercise 2 (Online)Directions: Listen to the passage again and fill in the table with the information you get from the passage.Part Four Testing YourselfSection IPsycho-geometricsTapescriptThree students, Janice, Sue, and Kelly, are looking at magazines in the library and commenting on some articles they see.Janice:I think I’ve seen everything now!Sue: What do you mean?Janice: Have you ever heard of psycho-geometrics?Sue: No.Janice:I hadn’t either. It’s a new way of identifying personalities.Kelly: How?Janice:You think of the four basic shapes—square,triangle, circle and rectangle and decide which shape you like best.Sue: I like triangles. They make me think of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. What does that say about me?Janice: The triangle stands for ambition and high achievement.Sue: I like that. What else?Janice: You like to achieve. Once you decide what you want, nothing stops you. Also you like to give big parties for friends and love being in the center of the crowd.Sue: That fits me.Kelly:What about me? I like circles. That’s why I wear my blouse with the dots in it so often. Janice: The circle is a symbol of un ity. Getting along with others is most important to you. You’re friendly, caring and a good listener. No wonder you’re so popular!Kelly:That’s nice to know. What about you?Janice: I like squares. This is supposed to mean that I like things to be planned and structured.Also that finishing things is important to me.Kelly: What else?Janice: It says that I prefer being with just a few friends rather than with a big group. That’s really true.Sue: Do you believe all of this?Janice:I don’t know but it’s f un to think about. (246 words)Directions: Listen to the dialogue twice and fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the story.Key:It is fun to know that four basic shapes can be used to identify personalities. Those who like triangles are ambitious and like to have high achievement. These people like giving big parties for friends and love being in the center of the crowd. People who love circles and squares are different. Circle is a symbol of unity. Those circle lovers think getting along with others is most important, so they are friendly, caring and good listeners. People who like squares like everything to be planned and structured. Besides, they would rather being with a few friends than with a big group.Section IITV ShowTapescriptBob had finally made it to the last round of the $64,000 Question. The night before the big question, he told the host that he desired a question on American History The big night had arrived. Bob made his way on stage in front of the studio and TV audience. He had become the talk of the week. He was the best guest this show had ever seen. The host stepped up to the mike. “Bob, you have chosen American History as your final question. You know that if you correctly answer this question, you will walk away $64,000 dollars richer. Are you ready?”Bob nodded with confidence. The audience went nuts. He hadn’t missed a question all week."Bob, your question on American History is a two-part question. As you know, you may answer either part first. As a rule, the second half of the question is always easier. Which part would you like to answer at first?"Bob was now becoming very nervous. He couldn't believe it, but he was drawing a blank. American History was his easiest subject, but he played it safe. “I'll try the easier part first.”The host nodded approvingly. “Here we go, Bob. I will ask you the second half first, then the first half.”The audience silenced with great anticipation.“Bob, here is your question: And in what year did it happen?”(230 words)Part ADirections: Listen to the story and answer the questions by filling in the blanks.Key to Part A:1. American history2. $64,0003. the best guest, missed a question4. second5. easier, play it safePart BDirections: Listen to the story again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.Key to Part B: 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) FSection IIIFighting StressTapescriptJoan, Kristen and Shelly are discussing their evening plans while having lunch.Joan:I’m so stressed out! I just can’t get that new computer program written. I wonder if I’ll ever finish it. I’m supposed to have dinner with my best friend from college tonight but think I should call her and say I can’t.Kristen: No, Joan, don’t call her. Have dinner with her and have a good time.Shelly:I agree with Kristen. Have dinner and talk about what fun you two had in college.Tomorrow you’ll feel less stressed.Joan: How do you know, Shelly?Shelly: I recently read an article in the magazine PSYCHOLOGY TODAY. It said social support, especially with old and good friends, can help you keep down your stress level. It can actually slow your heart rate and reduce your blood pressure.Kristen: I read that too. It also said that making time for close relationships is vital to helping you have good health. Some research suggests that people who are socially connected get a better night’s rest too.Joan:Ok, I’ll go. I really wanted to, but, well, you know---- By the way, Kristen, your job is stressful too. What are you doing tonight?Kristen:I’ve joined a book discussion group. We’re meeting tonight. I always enjoy the discussion and social interaction, so I go home afterwards feeling relaxed.Shelly:I’m going to call my sister. We don’t live close to each other so we phone when we can and laugh a lot. I always feel great afterwards.Joan:Sounds like we’ll all be “distressing” tonight. I’m glad we talked.(256 words)Part ADirections:Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.Key to Part A: 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) FPart BDirections:Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the dialogue.Key to Part B:According to Psychology Today, social support, especially with old and good friends, can help one keep down his stress level, slow his heart rate, and reduce his blood pressure. If people want to have good health, they’d better make time for close relationships.。