刘泽洋：（ppt第3页）He was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. today many of his pieces—including his numerous self portraits, landscapes, portraits and sunflowers—are among the world's most recognizable and expensive works of art. His depression gradually deepened. On 27 July 1890, aged 37, he walked into a field and shot himself in the chest with a revolver.（ppt第4页）The British comedymogul Lowen Atkinson (RowanAtkinson).We can never underestimate this"bean", heclaims to have 18500000 viewers in the UK but,in other regional languagesalsohaving a great reputation, carry the world before one"The British spy Johnny"strongly criticized"the criticsthat he needs time toadjust,even the money cannotmake him happy."Americancomedian Jim Carryand Italycomedian Saddo Parla"depressionhit, youwill feel very despair, can't find a solution to the problem."What is DepressionThe word 'depression' is used to describe everyday feelings of low mood which can affect us all from time to time. Feeling sad or fed up is a normal reaction to experiences that are upsetting, stressful or difficult; those feelings will usually pass.If you are affected by depression, you are not 'just' sad or upset. You have an illness which means that intense feeling of persistent sadness, helplessness and hopelessness are accompanied by physical effects such as sleeplessness, a loss of energy, or physical aches and pains.Sometimes people may not realise how depressed they are, especially if they have been feeling the same for a long time, if they have been trying to cope with their depression by keeping themselves busy, or if their depressive symptoms are more physical than emotional. Here is a list of the most common symptoms of depression. As a general rule, if you have experienced four or more of these symptoms, for most of the day nearly every day, for over two weeks, then you should seek help.o Tiredness and loss of energyo Persistent sadnesso Loss of self-confidence and self-esteemo Difficulty concentratingo Not being able to enjoy things that are usually pleasurable or interestingo Undue feelings of guilt or worthlessnesso Feelings of helplessness and hopelessnesso Sleeping problems - difficulties in getting off to sleep or waking up much earlier than usualo Avoiding other people, sometimes even your close friendso Finding it hard to function at work/college/schoolo Loss of appetiteo Loss of sex drive and/ or sexual problemso Physical aches and painso Thinking about suicide and deatho Self-harm(1--8)页杨琛伟（ppt第9-14页）：We are still not sure what causes depression but a combination of factors are thought to play a role. Major life events such as bereavement, redundancy or marital breakdown are all common triggers for depression.the cause of depressionis divided into external reasons and internal reasons.External reasons:1、环境诱因：令人感到有压力的生活事件及失落感可能诱发忧郁症，如丧偶(尤其老年丧偶，几乎八、九成的人会得此病)、离婚、丢掉工作、财务危机、失去健康等。
1, environmental factors: feel stressful life events and loss of feelingmay inducedepression,such as widowed(especially old widowed,almost eight or ninepeople will get the disease),divorce, losing a job,financialcrisis,losehealth.2、饮食不当：饮食中缺乏叶酸与维生素B12可能引起忧郁症状。
2,improper diet: eating a lack of folic acid and vitamin B12 may cause depression symptoms.3、抽烟、酗酒与滥用药物：过去，研究人员认为忧郁症患者借助酒精、尼古丁与药物来舒缓忧郁症情绪。
但新的研究结果显示，使用这些东西实际上会引发忧郁症及焦虑症。
3, smoking,drinking and drug abuse: in the past,researchers believe that the depression patients with alcohol, nicotine and drugs to relieve the depression mood. But the newstudy shows,the use of these things actually trigger depression and anxiety.4、药物因素：对一些人而言，长期使用某些药物(如一些高血压药、治疗关节炎或帕金森症的药)会造成忧郁症状。
4,drug factors: for some people,the long-term use of certain drugs(such as somehypertensive drug, treatment of arthritis or Parkinson's medicine)can cause depression symptoms.5、疾病因素：罹患慢性疾病如心脏病、中风、糖尿病、癌症与阿兹海默症的病人，得忧郁症的几率较高。
甲状腺机能亢进，即使是轻微的情况，也会患上忧郁症。
忧郁症也可能是严重疾病的前兆，如胰脏癌、脑瘤、帕金森症、阿兹海默症等。
5,disease factors: the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease,stroke, diabetes,cancer and Alzheimer's disease patients,had a higher risk of depression. Hyperthyroidism, even a slight case, also suffer from depression.Depression may also be the precursor of serious diseases, such aspancreatic cancer, brain cancer,Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseaseetc..internal reasons:1、个性因素：自卑、自责、悲观等，都比较容易患上忧郁症。